Kunst – Numéro Berlin https://www.numeroberlin.de Mon, 08 Jun 2026 14:55:33 +0000 en-US hourly 1 IN CONVERSATION WITH TADASHI KAWAMATA x RUINART https://www.numeroberlin.de/2026/06/interview-tadashi-kawamata-x-ruinart/ Mon, 08 Jun 2026 09:55:24 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=71578 TADASHI KAWAMATA AND HIS ONGOING CONVERSATION WITH NATURE

Champagne house Ruinart invites annually changing artists to reinterpret the maison, all under the motto “Conversations with Nature.”

And who could be more suitable for that than Tadashi Kawamata? The contemporary artist and sculptor is known for his in-situ installations using wood as his signature material. Born in 1953, he has developed an international practice that explores how temporary structures can reshape the perception of space and environment. Through a skillful play with scale and form, the Japanese artist reveals subtle interactions and the vitality of nature, a focus he has maintained since 1979.

His installations made of wooden frames and beams occupy empty spaces, corners, and building facades.

The collaboration between Tadashi Kawamata and Maison Ruinart culminates in three of his renowned in-situ installations in the Champagne region – Tree Hut, Nest, and Observatory– concluding to form a cohesive whole. Visitors are invited to attentively observe the vibrations of nature, essential to the harmony of champagne, from weather and climate to biodiversity.

Leonie Kampen: You are this years artist to continue the series „Conversations with nature“ at the Maison Ruinart in Berlin;  How do you converse with nature? 

Tadashi Kawamata: Nature, for me, is a continuous state of flux, a process of growth, decay, and renewal. It is not something fixed, but an ever-evolving entity that profoundly influences our existence. I converse with nature through my installations by highlighting subtle shifts in light, the movement of wind, and the presence of other living creatures. It’s about recognizing the interconnectedness of all things and our place within that delicate balance. My interventions are not intended to dominate or disrupt a space, but rather to engage in a dialogue with it, offering a new perspective and subtly shifting how one perceives their surroundings. By creating structures that blend with the environment, or that are built from natural and often reused materials, I emphasize that nature persists and reclaims spaces, even in man-made settings.

LK: What role does it play for your art?

TK: Nature plays a central and fundamental role in my art. My work, with its focus on ephemeral structures and natural materials, inherently speaks to the impermanence that pervades both the natural world and human experience. My installations are designed to evolve and transform with time and the elements, reflecting the vulnerability of ecosystems and reminding us that nothing is fixed in nature. This continuous transformation, the subtle integration with the environment, and the dialogue it creates between human activity and nature are all paramount to my artistic philosophy. I aim to re-connect visitors to nature, inviting them to observe, reflect, and recognize the interconnectedness of all things, without imposing a permanent, unyielding presence.

LK: How did you experience your work with Maison Ruinart? 

TK: My experience working with Maison Ruinart was profound. The collaboration presented a unique opportunity to engage directly with a very specific, cultivated natural environment – the Champagne region. Ruinart’s deep dependence on the terroir, the vines, and the climate, and their commitment to sustainability, resonated deeply with my artistic approach. 

My first encounter with the Ruinart vineyards was particularly evocative; it was a very foggy and quiet day, with only the sounds of birds passing, and I felt a very natural connection, smelling the air and feeling the wind. This impression of the field of vines, which eventually becomes champagne, was profound. It underscored for me the idea that champagne is synonymous with lightness, patience, and precision – a long, invisible process that resonates deeply with the ephemeral nature I explore in my own work. 

My installations there, like the “Tree Hut,” “Nest,” and “Observatory,” were designed to explore how a centuries-old institution must adapt and innovate in the face of ecological shifts, highlighting the intricate dialogue between human activity and natural cycles.

LK: You work mostly with wood, or wooden products  What do you like about wood?

TK: I am drawn to wood because it is a living material. It retains the memory of its different uses – nails, blows, and grooves. Each plank tells a unique story. Wood is like skin: it breathes, changes color, and transforms. Over time, it will age and transform, becoming grey and cracking, and moss may start to grow. This process of aging is an integral phase in the life of the artwork. This continuous transformation, this inherent quality of life, and its connection to natural processes of growth and decay, are what I deeply appreciate about working with wood.

LK: What makes it hard to work with it? What makes it easy? 

TK: Working with wood allows for a certain simplicity and artisanal dimension. It is a material that anyone can cut or assemble, which makes it accessible for creating my structures. The ease comes from its natural adaptability and its inherent narrative; it carries its own history and transforms organically, which aligns with my artistic philosophy of impermanence. The challenge, if one can call it that, is less about the material itself and more about ensuring that the ephemeral nature of my installations is understood. I don’t seek to achieve static perfection, but rather to create works that will age, evolve, and ultimately transform with time and the elements. This means accepting and embracing its natural processes, rather than forcing it into a fixed state.

LK: Are there any other materials or elements that intrigue you? 

TK: Beyond wood, I am intrigued by materials and elements that speak to similar themes of temporality, transformation, and a connection to the environment. I often use simple, reused materials in my work, as they inherently carry a history and reflect cycles of usage and decay. The broader elements of a landscape – light, wind, sounds, textures – and how they interact with my structures are also crucial. I am constantly observing how nature persists and reclaims spaces, even in man-made settings, and how these elements can collectively form a powerful statement about our relationship with the environment.

LK: In previous interview you mentioned moving away from the States because New Yorkers were always pushing for new things after new things – Is it different now that you moved to Paris?

TK: When I consider the pace and expectations, particularly in artistic contexts, I find that Paris, while a vibrant cultural center, offers a different dynamic than what I experienced in New York. My installations are not about perpetual novelty but rather about creating a dialogue with existing spaces and natural processes. In Paris, as in other European cities, there is often a deep appreciation for the historical context and the subtle interactions of art within its surroundings. 

This allows for a focus on the transformative journey of the artwork and the contemplation it evokes, rather than a constant demand for the next “new thing.” My work emphasizes the ephemeral, the ongoing conversation with a place, and this resonates well within a European context where history and continuity are often valued alongside innovation.

LK: Why did you choose to leave your home Tokyo in the first place? 

TK: My artistic journey has always involved a process of discovery and self-expression that extends beyond any single geographical location. Leaving Tokyo was part of a larger exploration to engage with diverse environments and architectural philosophies, seeking new contexts where my artistic vision could evolve. While there is a Japanese aesthetic of harmony with nature that my work often aligns with, my aim is to bridge perceived divides between architectural traditions and highlight the porosity between art and landscape, wherever I am. 

Moving allowed me to engage with various urban and natural settings, fostering new dialogues and expanding the reach of my artistic conversation about nature, time, and human interaction.

LK: Your project archive dates back to 1979 – Which work of yours are you proudest of? 

TK: It is difficult to point to a single work as the “proudest.” My artistic philosophy is fundamentally rooted in the ephemeral nature of installations. My works are in-situ installations designed to exist for a specific period, with their disappearance or transformation being an integral part of their creation. 

Therefore, my emotional connection is not to a static object, but to the ongoing process itself. Each project, in its dialogue with the specific site and context, is a part of a larger, continuous evolution of my exploration into the vulnerability of ecosystems and our relationship with time. What I value most is the ability of these works to provoke thought, to shift perspective, and to create a connection with the environment.

LK: Is it getting hard to think of „new things“? 

TK: No, it is not getting hard to think of “new things” because my artistic process is not primarily about seeking novelty for its own sake. I like to work, I always need to think of another project, another idea. I also draw sketches, a lot of sketches and I get bored if I don’t work on new installations. 

When inspiration feels distant, I often return to the fundamental act of drawing. For me, drawing is like breathing; I do it every day, often without any specific objective. Some drawings serve as studies, others are simply traces of a moment, and sometimes, they evolve into artworks themselves. More than anything, these drawings are traces of my thoughts, a way to connect with my inner landscape and allow new ideas to emerge naturally.

LK: What´s your biggest achievement despite art? 

TK: Beyond the art itself, my greatest achievement, I believe, lies in the connections and collaborations that art has opened up for me. Art has allowed me to connect with diverse individuals, explore places, cities, and countries I wouldn’t otherwise encounter. It has enabled me to engage in meaningful dialogues about our environment and societal values, fostering a deeper understanding and respect for the Earth. This ability to facilitate connection, to invite contemplation, and to subtly shift perceptions through interaction with my installations, particularly regarding our relationship with nature, is perhaps my most significant achievement beyond the physical artworks themselves.

LK: What are you currently excited for?

TK: I am always excited by the potential for new dialogues between human activity and nature, and the continuous opportunity to engage with different landscapes and communities. Right now, I am very excited by the installations of my artworks in Reims for Ruinart, it is quite something to see my work on this incredible environment. And of course, I’m excited when it comes to a glass of Ruinart Blanc de Blancs champagne!

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IN CONVERSATION WITH FABIAN KLUTH https://www.numeroberlin.de/2026/05/interview-the-restless-mind-of-fabian-kluth/ Wed, 27 May 2026 09:09:11 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=71287 THE RESTLESS MIND OF FABIAN KLUTH

Fabian arrives at the Numéro office that day pulling a small carry-on suitcase behind him, walking with the determined energy of someone who has decided there is no time to waste. He is in Berlin to record an episode of his podcast one.voice together with Numéro publisher Götz Offergeld – four more conversations with different guests are planned during his short stay in the city, he mentions casually. He already has all the equipment with him; setup will take five minutes, maximum.

At just eighteen years old, Kluth is already considered one of Germany’s youngest art collectors and recently staged an exhibition in Berlin featuring works from his collection one. The fact that he personally wrote email after email inviting our team to this event feels symbolic of his entire approach: persistent, direct, and completely unimpressed by any kind of rule.

It becomes obvious within the first few minutes that Fabian is exceptionally intelligent. While others spend years building an understanding of art, markets and cultural systems, he seems to have absorbed that knowledge in an astonishingly short amount of time – through books, conversations, YouTube tutorials and obsessive research. It all began during the pandemic with a work by Rosa Loy that he financed himself through student jobs. Today, he funds his collection through stocks and crypto investments and focuses primarily on contemporary artists engaging with themes such as gender, politics and the social structures shaping everyday life. But intelligence alone does not explain his momentum. It also takes vision and a willingness to simply begin before doubt has the chance to grow too large.

That is exactly what we speak about with Fabian Kluth in this conversation.

Ann-Kathrin Riedl: When the media writes about you, you are described as Germany’s youngest art collector. How did that come about? Did you grow up in an environment that was passionate about art?

Fabian Kluth: It really began during Covid. We were all sitting at home, locked in, and at some point you just get bored. I never really had much homework from school, so by Monday I already felt like I had finished everything I was supposed to do. Then there were still six days left in the week that somehow needed to be filled. 

So I started getting into all kinds of things. I was reading a lot – Goethe, philosophy, mathematics, physics – and I started asking myself: what do I actually want to do after this pandemic?

At some point school announced that we all had to do internships. So I randomly applied to an architecture office in Cologne. I realized very quickly that I would never become an architect because I was catastrophically bad at the artistic side of it. But I became fascinated by the question of what drives people creatively. And once you start dealing with architecture, you automatically end up dealing with fashion and art too. It’s all connected somehow.

AKR: So you introduced yourself to the art world. But how did that lead to collecting?

FK: I could never produce art myself. I’m completely incapable of that. I got terrible grades in art at school too. But I love to own my own pieces.

AKR: I think it’s healthy to have that kind of self-awareness. How did things continue from there?

FK:I discovered artists on social media, especially in Leipzig. One of them was Rosa Loy, the wife of Neo Rauch. I became obsessed with her work. So I tagged her on Instagram and emailed her asking for previews. Everything was far too expensive for me, obviously, but eventually I found one piece hidden at the very end of a PDF that somehow seemed possible.

I realized that if I worked gastronomy jobs all summer long, I could maybe afford it. So at the end of summer vacation, in 35-degree heat, I took a bus to Leipzig with a huge tote bag and picked up my first artwork.

AKR: Tell me more about it. Was it love at first sight?
What interested me wasn’t beauty. I don’t buy beautiful works necessarily. I buy works that move me or disturb me.

FK:Things that create friction. That’s still true today. It’s much more about themes.

And I don’t only collect paintings either. The exhibitions are very broad in terms of medium.

AKR: Which themes are important to you?

FK: The exhibitions are always about creating a reflection of our time. I think art should function as a mirror. It should confront us with ourselves.

I’m very interested in gender issues, environmental topics, consumer culture. Harry Nuriev, for example, is incredible. He did this exhibition with Dietrich & Schlechtriem where he created soaps with Balenciaga labels trapped inside them. I think that kind of critique of consumerism is brilliant.

Most of the artists in the collection are born in the 1990s or later. Some of them literally just graduated from art school or are still studying. I simply found them online, visited their studios and bought works directly.

AKR: Does the collection follow a commercial purpose at all?

FK:Not at all. Nothing is for sale.

At the exhibitions a lot of people immediately wanted to buy works. Which was actually great for the artists. One artist sold several pieces directly from his studio that evening because of the exposure.

But I don’t take commissions and I don’t want to. That’s not the point.

AKR: So how do you finance this passion today? Many people would probably assume that you’re a nepo baby.

FK: Absolutely not. But art isn’t necessarily as expensive as people think.

And honestly, Covid helped in that way too. I started learning about stocks and crypto – this was before the big AI boom. I invested in NVIDIA, Apple, Microsoft, Meta. It all developed relatively quickly. Today I make a lot of money through stocks and crypto.

AKR: The term “art collector” comes with a lot of associations – older men, wealth, status, establishment. What makes you so fascinating is that none of these clichés really apply to you. But do you sometimes feel that the way you’re portrayed is also a bit sensationalized?

FK:I actually hate the term collector. That’s why my project is called Platform and Vision and not “collection.” 

Of course the stereotypes exist. But I’m not interested in profiling myself through art. I don’t need a Gerhard Richter hanging in my hallway just so visitors understand I can afford one.

AKR: The established art world is also considered quite closed-off – how did people there respond to you?

FK: In the beginning nobody took me seriously. They imagined some rich kid in Louboutins with daddy’s money. 

But that was never me. I wear the same thing every day. Black shirt, same trousers, different shoes depending on the season. That’s it.

AKR: Is that because you want to eliminate the question of “What do I wear?” from your life by creating a uniform?

FK: Exactly. Like Steve Jobs with his Issey Miyake sweaters. I don’t want to stand in front of my closet every morning thinking about clothes. I want my energy elsewhere.

AKR: Which also removes a lot of the self-performance that defines our era.

FK: Especially now with social media, yes. But honestly, I also want the project to exist independently of me eventually. The interesting thing isn’t Fabian Kluth as a person. The interesting thing is the discussion around the work.

Honestly, this “youngest collector in Germany” title gets old quickly anyway. Eventually there will simply be another younger person.
AKR: How do you position yourself in relation to the established art world?

FK: I don’t really care about conventions or norms. I do my own thing.

And honestly, criticism interests me more than praise. I need friction. I need tension.

AKR: You seem incredibly driven.

FK: If I want something, I go after it relentlessly.

There’s an artist I wanted work from for over a year. I called every Monday asking if there was something available. Every single Monday. At a certain point, he agreed. It’s persistence.

AKR: But where does that drive come from?

FK: That’s difficult to answer.

My parents never pressured me. Quite the opposite actually – very laissez-faire. But for me it feels natural. If I do something, I want it to work properly.

AKR: You give off a great sense of ease. Do you ever have to force yourself to do things, or does it all come naturally to you?

FK: Of course there are things you have to do. But generally I try to only do things I genuinely care about.

Look at today for example. I came to Berlin last night, didn’t sleep at all, tomorrow I’ll drive back at four in the morning, then I have appointments again immediately. But I just do it because I love it. Doing nothing stresses me more. I can’t lie on a couch for two hours. Impossible.

AKR: Is there anything in your life that calms you down?

FK: I have a horse. Laughs. Once a week I go there, clean the stable, put on rubber boots and walk around for two hours. That’s probably the calmest part of my week.

AKR: Alongside collecting and exhibitions, you also host the podcast one.voice, for which you’ve already spoken with people such as Johann König, Amir Kassaei, and most recently our publisher Götz Offergeld. How do you choose the people you speak with?

FK: I’ve always loved misfits.

I felt like all the existing art podcasts always invited the exact same people. I wasn’t interested in that. I wanted people with friction. Naturally I already had close contact to many artists because I collect their work.

AKR: Would you describe yourself more as an observer than a participant?

FK: In a club I’d probably sit at the bar watching people instead of dancing.

But eventually I’d still walk over and talk to them.

AKR: What would fulfillment mean to you?

FK: Definitely not repeating the same exhibition format for the next forty years. The vision is much bigger than that. I want to bring people together. That’s really the core idea behind everything.

And honestly, if tomorrow I wake up and decide I want to make a magazine instead, or open a clothing store, then I’ll do that.

AKR: With the same intensity.

FK: Exactly. Whenever I get excited about something, I start immediately. Perfectionism is basically fear in disguise. I don’t really care about perfection at first. I’ll just ask ChatGPT how to solve things.

AKR: What would your advice be to people who want to realize their ideas but keep getting stuck in overthinking?

FK: Honestly? You just have to fall on your face again and again. Fail repeatedly. Get up again. Continue.

You just have to analyze what you’re doing and how you can improve it. Not everything has to be radically disruptive immediately. Sometimes it’s enough to question existing systems and optimize them differently.

Germany especially has this fear of failure. But life is too short to spend it doing things you don’t care about. I don’t want to wake up every morning working on topics I feel nothing for. That’s the real nightmare to me.

Fabian´s podcast „one.voice“ featuring Götz Offergeld as an episode guest can be listened to here.

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IN CONVERSATION WITH ART COLLECTOR CHRISTINE WÜRFEL-STAUSS https://www.numeroberlin.de/2026/05/interview-with-art-collector-christine-wurfel-stauss/ Thu, 07 May 2026 13:48:34 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=70917 What if art and fashion are thought beyond their contexts?

Art and fashion are usually experienced in very different ways. Art is encountered in exhibitions, where works are presented in a defined setting. Fashion appears usually on the body and in everyday contexts, where it shifts with movement and in relation to the situations in which it is worn. 

Yet both begin, as Christine Wuerfel-Stauss describes it, with the same kind of decisions: form, material, and proportion. What changes is the context. In art, these decisions unfold within institutional frameworks. In fashion, they are exposed  – worn, altered by movement and use. The same elements are at play, but they are exposed to different conditions. This difference opens up a broader set of questions about how artistic ideas shift as they move between contexts, and how they change as they move between contexts. 

For Christine Wuerfel-Stauss, these are not abstract questions. She moves at the intersection of art and fashion, with a rare and precise understanding of both. Her practice extends across contemporary art and fashion – through collecting, writing, and close proximity to artists and their work; she moves within the fashion context, between shows and curation – and into institutional contexts. Drawing on her academic background in law and legal theory, and a precise understanding of the art world and its funding structures, she is involved in establishing new approaches to supporting museums and in developing patronage frameworks. At Hamburger Bahnhof – Nationalgalerie der Gegenwart in Berlin, for example, this has involved work on funding models and organizational frameworks. Much of this takes place out of view, but it has a direct impact on what can be realized. 

Beyond this, her engagement continues in other contexts. She places artistic ideas in relation to sartorial creations, movement and everyday situations, where they become visible in different ways and acquire new relevance. At the same time, ideas emerging in fashion are set in relation to artistic and institutional frameworks, where they are encountered differently. 

This is where this conversation begins.

SOPHIA NOWAK: You have been active in the world of art collecting and fashion for years. Does this feel like a constant shift between two separate worlds to you or is it ultimately the same cultural dialogue just taking place in different spheres?

CHRISTINE WÜRFEL-STAUSS: It does not feel like a transition between two separate worlds to me. I would rather describe it as a continuous dialogue that unfolds differently depending on the context. Art and fashion essentially address very similar questions, even if they both operate under different circumstances. Both explore how people relate to the world they live in, how individuals express their place within our era and how creative design reacts to its time. What differs, however, are the conditions under which they operate – and with them the range of what they can do.

Art often exists within an institutional setting and can therefore be encountered with undivided attention and can be more radical. Fashion, by contrast, is tied to physicality, personality, and daily habits.

It must also function within everyday life and social contexts while remaining bound to economic factors. So they are not two separate worlds, but art is far less constrained than fashion.

SN: You often describe fashion as a cultural practice. Do you see it more as a form of personal expression, a source of inspiration, or actually as a collectible object that is in no way inferior to the value of a work of art?

CWS: For me, fashion is all of this at once. Fashion is foremost a form of personal expression, how to dress is a decision that is part of your own identity. It can align with your own values and references, it can also function as powerful tool to take on different roles. Ideally, it can give the wearer the feeling of facing the world in the best possible way within a given context. This is particularly interesting because fashion is one aspect of who you are that always remains visible to others in social spaces. 

Fashion is also significant as a source of inspiration, since during its creation a variety of design principles such as color, proportions, rhythm, and materiality are being applied. These are often elements that have their origins in artistic or architectural ways of thinking. When you recognize aspects of those visual structures in fashion, it often brings their origins back to mind. And also each day, everyone subconsciously makes so many decisions that have a creative component which mirror the sartorial trends around us. Observing the current developments in fashion from runway collections to the way individuals dress in certain contexts influences your own approach and the ability to interpret situations in a certain way through observing sartorial choices. 

And collectability – yes, but only in specific cases. It certainly applies to couture, which often can be considered a work of art. This is partly because it is unique and created only once, and partly because of the technical precision and the immense effort involved. Furthermore, it is rooted in clear conceptual thinking, which brings fashion and art very close together. Another aspect to think of in terms of collectability is your own personal wardrobe. It is one of the most precious collections of our memories. An archive of lived moments of our life that embodies time as almost no other personal collection does. Our clothes contributed to how we felt and how we were perceived by others in certain moments. They can be a diary of happy moments or special situations. I often still know exactly what I was wearing when something significant happened and I cherish those pieces.

SN: I completely understand that. I feel exactly the same way about clothing. For special moments or memories, I still know exactly what I was wearing.

CWS: Yes, sometimes I can not recall who was there or exactly where it was, but I still remember exactly what I was wearing. Preserving these garments is part of keeping these memories alive. These pieces are irreplaceable, not even by an identical item. They are a collection of personal treasures, invaluable, at least that is what I think. 

Something else that needs to be mentioned in the context of collectability are key pieces of vintage fashion that serve as a sentinel of the sartorial culture of their time. Collecting such pieces preserves the design languages and the cultural attitudes of specific eras. It tells of social ideals and also of technical possibilities. I cherish that because it is a cultural memory in the form of a garment. A beautiful example was the exhibition Gabrielle Chanel – Fashion Manifesto which was first shown at the Palais Galliera in Paris till 2021 and then traveled to Melbourne and London till recently. It traced, through garments such as swimwear and daywear, how shifts in silhouettes and material reflected a broader change in the perception of women and showed how fashion can articulate changing roles within a cultural context.

SN: When you attend a couture show, do you prefer looking at haute couture pieces because they have such an artistic and eccentric style, or do you prefer designs that would be suitable for everyday life?

CWS: When it comes to couture, I think less about practicability than the incredible skill set and abundance of hours of elaborate work that went into the creation. I am always in awe at the highly specialized craftsmanship that is required and that only very few artisans still master today. The level of skill going into the creation of those collections is beyond impressive. I just recently came across a piece in The New Yorker about an atelier in Paris that creates just the featherwork for couture pieces. The techniques involved are so specific and complicated that they are the only atelier remaining that can process these feathers in these ways using techniques refined over decades. When hundreds of hours of work go into the smallest piece of embroidery, it is simply magnificent. But couture collections and their presentations are usually very special cultural moments for several reasons. A few weeks back, I attended the first couture defile by Matthieu Blazy for Chanel at the Grand Palais, which I found absolutely spectacular. As soon as you arrived you walked into a world of its own, a surreal, pink fantasy forest. It resembled an immersive artwork in many ways. The entire Grand Palais was covered in a light pink, fluffy carpet: a very delicate, powdery pink. Even the seating was all covered in it. And then there were giant mushrooms, up to five meters high. Added to that were weeping willows hanging down, all in orange, pink, and yellow. It was massive, and on top of that, there was birdsong; it was breathtaking to me. An immersive, ephemeral world that was intriguingly beautiful. Just the week before, I had been in Milan at the Fondazione Prada and had seen Carsten Höller’s permanent installation there – an entire room where giant fly agarics hung upside down from the ceiling and rotated. The show in Paris came very close to this work. You experienced a real shift in perception because suddenly everything which usually is of a small size appeared giant; you walk through it and wondered if Alice in Wonderland had felt that way. I had the sensation of suddenly being inside a form of ‘Gesamtkunstwerk’. When the show began and the collection was presented within this setting while the audience sat right in the middle of it, each guest became part of the whole. For me, the presentation with all its different components clearly belonged in the realm of art.

SN: That sounds truly impressive. Are there designers whose work you clearly see as art; where do you draw the line for yourself between craft and conceptual art?

CWS: For me, fashion approaches art when it moves beyond pure utility and is shaped by a clearly articulated design concept. When fashion is limited to covering or protecting the body, it fulfills its central purpose, but it operates in a different category. Art begins where it becomes apparent that every design decision, such as color, cut, and material, is part of a larger conceptual structure. So what matters to me in this context is not only the complexity of a creation or the craftsmanship that went into it, but whether a collection or a certain garment is based on a meaningful idea that extends beyond the pieces themselves.

This can even be seen, for example, in pre-modern painting:  clothing functioned as a system of signification. One could often situate the depicted figures within their social and cultural context just through the reading of their attire. Clothing conveyed social position, moral values, and affiliation. This way of reading clothing is still present today, though less clearly defined than in earlier periods.

This distinction between making and an idea that extends beyond the object can be seen in the work of several designers. Some of those whose work I have closely followed or retrospectively studied include Azzedine Alaïa who was a pioneer in approaching clothing as a sculptural practice, shaping and molding fabric in direct relation to the female body and constructing garments with a level of precision that recalled sculptural practices.

Matthieu Blazy also belongs in this context. A significant part of his work is the way his collections and their presentation through shows and campaigns form a narrative. His garments especially now for Chanel are not shown on their own, but as part of a larger spatial and perceptual setting which shapes how they are perceived. 

Albert Kriemler of Akris takes specific artistic position as a starting point for most of his collections. Rather than just referencing art, he translates distinct visual languages into garments allowing them to exist in new contexts, where they become visible in entirely new contexts beyond the museum context.

SN: How did you originally get started in the art scene? Was collecting a conscious dream or did this passion develop more organically?

CWS: It was a completely organic development. I grew up near Kassel, where the Documenta takes place every five years. At Documenta, I saw an expansive art installation for the very first time in my life, which was such a formative experience for me that it became the starting point for everything that followed. The work was by Rebecca Horn and was installed in an actual school building that had been closed for the summer holidays. Extending across an entire classroom, historical school desks were mounted upside down to the ceiling. From each desk, thick metal wires ran downward, gathered into a bundle, and continued out through the window into the ground outside. Along these wires, liquid ink made its way downward. Even today, I would still find this work striking, but back then as a child, it was beyond anything I had ever encountered. It made me realize just how powerful art can be.

Much later, when it became possible to live with art, I began to experience what that means in everyday life: surrounding oneself with art shapes our thinking, how we relate to ourselves and others and it directs our attention.

Over time, this shifted to something less about my personal space, but about cultural responsibility, about how to contribute to the cultural systems that sustain diverse artistic practices and artistic freedom. Collecting to me today is much less about an individual work rather than about being supportive in various ways. To help that independent artistic practices will remain a vital part of society.

SN: Do you remember the first work you purchased?

CWS: Of course, I remember exactly. It was a work by the Italian artist Turi Simeti, who passed away recently. It is a completely white canvas with wooden ellipses mounted on the back of the canvas, creating slight elevations across the surface. When the work is displayed on the wall, light and shadow shift depending on the surrounding light conditions. Conceptually, the work is rooted in the Zero movement of the 1960s, which was concerned with its focus on reduction, light, space and perception. What drew me to it from the beginning was its calm presence, it radiated a kind of visual quiet. The work still hangs in my home today and it continues to respond to the light and atmosphere in changing ways. That still fascinates me. 

SN: Fashion seems to have been present for you from very early on. What role did it play at that stage, especially in relation to your later engagement with art? Was it always present, or did its significance become more refined over time?

CWS: Fashion has been integral to my thinking from very early on. It fascinated me already as a child, and I enjoyed studying books we had at home about dress making across past centuries as well as international fashion magazines we had at home, I loved playing in my mother’s wardrobe and I would even make things myself. Clothing is part of everyday life and of course you learn quickly that it is an important part of how you feel. But later, I started to pay close attention to what makes certain garments so special as a piece of design – the materials, the levels of craftsmanship, the underlying ideas, whether in terms of design or heritage. This was a different way of looking at it, what it conveys. This awareness only develops over time and is linked to the nature of clothing itself. You live with it, there is no immediate reason to search for deeper layers of meaning. But once you become aware of those some parallels to art can become apparent – in underlying conceptual thinking, precision, techniques, and in how all of these choices shape cultural reality.

In that sense art and fashion often address similar questions even though they operate within different frameworks. What remains different is how one encounters them.

With art, aspects as institutional context, art-historical classification, and market value among many others play an immediate role, while with fashion, especially as part of everyday life, there is no such threshold.  

SN: You are deeply interested in the interaction between art and fashion. For you, what distinguishes a purely commercial brand collaboration from a true artistic symbiosis that increases the inherent value of both disciplines?

CWS: A true artistic symbiosis with genuine added value exists when both sides can learn from one another and when the collaboration leads to something meaningful that neither could achieve on their own. So the question is what fashion can take from art and what in turn art can learn from fashion. Looking at fashion first, this becomes evident. In art history color, material, and proportions are never neutral, but deliberately used to express something. In historical portrait painting, as we discussed earlier, clothing was never accidental. It communicated character, social status, and much more. This helps fashion to understand how clothing can take on a specific meaning through certain design decisions as for example material and color. The same applies to motifs: in the 1930s, Elsa Schiaparelli created several pieces with Salvador Dalí, including the famous Lobster Dress. In this couture creation, a surrealist symbol, the lobster, was used as an embellishment. This challenged and subverted established codes of femininity and contemporary ideas of evening wear at the time. And vice versa: what is it that art learns from fashion? In particular the engagement with the human body. Everything fashion does, material, color, structure, is done with the awareness that the result must be wearable and usable in that sense. Fashion always exists within a social context and must function in everyday reality. And it is subject to an entirely different set of constraints than art since it requires continuous renewal. Works of art mostly endure only because of their intellectual or aesthetic significance across eras; fashion, by contrast, must constantly adapt: seasonally, socially, as well as to practical and economic conditions. From this permanent responsiveness of fashion, art could learn how visual languages can change and still retain their relevance.

SN: In projects like the Art Fashion Conversations, you bring designers and artists together. What would be one of the most urgent question that the fashion world could ask art today and what would be one of the questions art could ask in return?

CWS: I would say that the questions they ask one another are not symmetrical – and that is one of the reasons that makes the dialogue between art and fashion so intriguing . Art might ask fashion how it is still possible today to consistently realize aesthetic concepts without being absorbed by economic constraints. And how one can remain committed to a set of design principles while operating within market logic and being exposed to the demand of constant renewal. What does it mean, from the designer’s perspective, to see one’s work worn and interpreted by others. The wearer may adopt the intended visual language, but not necessarily the values or positions associated with it. 

Conversely, what could fashion ask? Could some forms of art still retreat into mainly aesthetic concepts, allowing its positions to unfold through form, material, and perceptions rather than stating them directly – or do the conditions of the present, shaped by global challenges, require a more direct articulation of where it stands? And, more fundamentally, can a practice that resists such declaration still sustain its relevance today?

SN: If you had the opportunity to spend an evening with an artist regardless of whether they are living or deceased who would it be and what would you talk about?

CWS: It would definitely be Rebecca Horn. She unfortunately passed away two years ago, but will remain one of the most significant artists of our time. She became known primarily for her performative works as well as her expansive installations and kinetic sculptures. Her work often engages with physicality, perception, power, and structures. In a conversation with her, one of the topics I would love to touch on would be her work series called Body Extensions. In these works, she artificially extended parts of the body, arms, legs, even the hands, by attaching feathers, rods, or elongated elements to the fingertips. Through this, she explored the boundaries of the body, intensifying perception and sensitivity; she described this herself as an attempt to make the boundaries of the body more tangible. Today, forms of body modification -artificial nails and other aesthetic interventions – are omnipresent. When Rebecca Horn began working on her series in the 1970s, none of this existed in this form. How would she relate to this phenomenon today? Are there continuities or clear shifts?

She also worked in a distinctly political way and engaged deeply with environmental questions. I would ask her how she assesses the current political and ecological moment, and how she would position herself in relation to that through her work today.

SN: Thank you very much for your detailed and profound answers! It was a great pleasure!

CWS: Likewise! Thank you for your exciting questions!

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CIFRA X NUMÉRO BERLIN https://www.numeroberlin.de/2026/04/cifra-x-numero-berlin/ Fri, 24 Apr 2026 11:51:14 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=70657

CIFRA is a new and exciting digital art and multidisciplinary platform. It aims to bring together artists, curators and cultural voices through a fluid mix of sound, image, film and text. Rather than functioning like a traditional streaming service, CIFRA positions itself as a curated environment, part archive, part exhibition, part ongoing conversation. At its core, CIFRA invites contributors to think of playlists not just as collections of content, but as narrative tools. Each collection becomes a form of storytelling, an atmospheric extension of an idea, a mood, or a moment in time. 

Numéro Berlin’s contribution to CIFRA feels less like a playlist and more like a sonic, visual exhibition with beautiful and intriguing films accompanied by intriguing soundscapes. The selection reflects a sensibility that is both instinctive and intentional. There is a subtle tension running through the playlist, between intimacy and distance.

“This playlist moves through spaces that feel both intimate and staged. Rooms become silent witnesses to gestures of control, desire, and withdrawal. Bodies appear composed, aware of being seen but slightly out of reach. Between softness and tension, something shifts: what begins as familiarity slowly turns into distance. A choreography of presence, where nothing fully reveals itself.”

 

Experience our playlist at CIFRA HERE. 

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PRIVATE DINNER AT SCHLACHTER 151 https://www.numeroberlin.de/2026/03/private-dinner-at-numero/ Mon, 23 Mar 2026 17:15:00 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=70201 NUMÉRO BERLIN X OONA: A NIGHT AT SCHLACHTER 151

In honor of OONA’s exhibition opening at Schlachter 151, the teams from Numéro Berlin and CIFRA hosted a private dinner to celebrate the artist’s vision and her performance ‘For Human Eyes Only’ alongside close friends of the magazine and the art scene. Among the guests were many key figures from the Berlin fashion industry, such as Götz Offergeld, publisher and editor-in-chief of Numéro, as well as deputy-editor-in-chief Antonia Schmidt, Ann-Kathrin Riedl, editor-in-chief of Fräulein Magazine, the editor-in-chief of Gruppe Magazine, Hella Schneider, stylist Marvin Lobodda, and influencers Hanna Goldfisch and Lele Berlin, alongside the curator of the exhibition Anika Meier and other collectors and artists.

Throughout the evening, the artist remained true to her central motif. Despite her physical presence, her face stayed hidden to preserve her essential anonymity. Her work raises existential questions: “If machines are trained to read the body as data, what does it mean to be seen? And what becomes visible when the machine fails to detect the body?” In this context, cameras are transformed from instruments of control into collaborators.

Last week, the Schlachter 151 exhibition space hosted the opening of OONA’s first solo exhibition. Under the title “Dear David: A Surveillance Love Story,” the artist presents a body of work born from an unusual symbiosis. Since 2019, OONA has performed in the London Underground in front of surveillance cameras, appearing not as an anonymous passerby but as if positioned before the lens of a fashion photographer. To obtain this material, she entered into an exchange with David, whose job involves managing this data. Over 400 emails later, a digital connection developed between two strangers, forming the foundation of her art.

The dinner was powered by CIFRA, a platform for digital and video art that provides specialized software and hardware for a precise presentation of digital works.

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ART EXHIBITION – “DEAR DAVID: A SURVEILLANCE LOVE STORY” BY OONA https://www.numeroberlin.de/2026/03/art-exhibition-dear-david-a-surveillance-love-story-by-oona/ Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:44:32 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=70103 “DEAR DAVID: A SURVEILLANCE LOVE STORY” – AN ART EXHIBITION BY OONA AT SCHLACHTER 151

On March 19, the exhibition ‘Dear David: A Surveillance Love Story,’ curated by Anika Meier, opened at Berlin gallery Schlachter 151. The artist OONA appeared in person for the opening but remained completely anonymous through her clothing, consistent with the theme of the exhibition. Anonymity is a central motif of her Art. In the video and image works, the artist is constantly present, yet her face is never visible.

„I never show my face, but my body is often on display. Without my face, my body becomes more like a canvas“

 The material originates from the surveillance cameras of the London Underground. This was made possible by David, who has been working for London Transport since 29 years, which allows him to release footage to people exercising their right to information within the legal 14 day period. To obtain the recordings from David, OONA meticulously documented her outfits, her routes and her exact travel times.

Although David and OONA have never met in person or spoken to each other, they exchanged over 400 emails. This anonymous, purely digital connection served as inspiration for OONA. In addition to the performances in the subway, the exhibition displays the email correspondence with David. After receiving her personal data and the required documents, David used various recognition programs to follow OONA through the stations using object tracking while the identities of bystanders were anonymized. In this “love letter” OONA looks through the lens of surveillance technology to find and appreciate the human on the other side.

„I’m creating art with all three: passion, empathy, and humor.“

Dedicating an exhibition to someone she has never met underscores the sincerity of her artistic approach. OONA is not merely focused on herself or her appearance on camera. Instead, she finds joy in the process of obtaining the material from David, allowing this unique exchange to guide her inspiration in new directions.

 

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A LIFE OF PERSISTENCE LYNN HERSHMAN LEESON ON BREAKING BARRIERS FOR WOMEN ARTISTS AND EMBRACINGTECHNOLOGY https://www.numeroberlin.de/2026/01/a-life-of-persistence-lynn-hershman-leeson-on-breaking-barriers-for-women-artists-and-embracingtechnology/ Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:30:26 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=67607

VISIONARY ARTIST LYNN HERSHMAN LEESON HAS SPENT MORE THAN FIFTY YEARS PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF WHAT ART CAN BE, PIONEERING WORKS THAT FUSE TECHNOLOGY, IDENTITY, AND POLITICS. FOR HER, THE BEST ARTISTS “INVENT THINGS THAT HAVEN’T BEEN DONE BEFORE, THINGS THAT REFLECT THEIR PARTICULAR TIME” – AND HER OWN CAREER HAS BEEN A TESTAMENT TO THAT BELIEF. FROM EARLY EXPERIMENTS IN INTERACTIVE MEDIA TO FILMS MADE WITH VIRTUAL SETS, HERSHMAN LEESON HAS CONSISTENTLY EMBRACED THE TOOLS AND QUESTIONS OF THE MOMENT, OFTEN DECADES BEFORE THE WIDER ART WORLD CAUGHT UP. IN THIS IN-DEPTH CONVERSATION WITH CURATOR ANIKA MEIER, HERSHMAN LEESON REFLECTS ON HER LIFELONG STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION IN A SYSTEM THAT, FOR MUCH OF HER CAREER, ACTIVELY EXCLUDED WOMEN. IN THE 1960S AND 70S, GALLERIES WOULD ONLY SHOW A WOMAN’S WORK IF SHE WAS MARRIED TO A MAN THEY REPRESENTED. FEMALE CURATORS AND MUSEUM DIRECTORS WERE NONEXISTENT. EVEN TODAY, SHE NOTES, PREJUDICE PERSISTS – THOUGH THE BATTLES AND OPPORTUNITIES HAVE
CHANGED. SHE SPEAKS CANDIDLY ABOUT STRATEGIES SHE DEVISED TO BYPASS
GATEKEEPERS, THE DEPRESSION THAT CAME WITH INVISIBILITY, AND THE UNEXPECTED BREAKTHROUGHS THAT ARRIVED LATER IN LIFE. THROUGH PERSONAL STORIES AND HARD-EARNED INSIGHTS, HERSHMAN LEESON CHARTS A PATH OF RESILIENCE AND REINVENTION. HER VISION IS GROUNDED NOT ONLY IN MASTERING NEW TECHNOLOGIES BUT ALSO IN UNDERSTANDING THAT ART IS ALWAYS SHAPED BY THE TIME – AND THE LIFE – IN WHICH IT IS MADE. THE RESULT IS A PORTRAIT OF AN ARTIST WHO HAS NEVER STOPPED CHALLENGING CONVENTIONS, AND WHO CONTINUES TO PROVE THAT CREATING NEW POSSI- BILITIES IS ITSELF A FORM OF SURVIVAL.

ANIKA MEIER: LYNN, I REMEMBER READING YOUR 1996 BOOK CLICKING IN: HOT LINKS TO A DIGITAL CUL- TURE, AND IN THE IN- TRODUCTION, YOU WROTE: “THE DIGITAL AGE EX- PLODED INTO EXISTENCE NOT WITH A WHIMPER BUT A BANG. THIS GLOBE STILL SHAKES FROM THIS ENTRY.” IN SHORT, YOU WERE EXCITED ABOUT THE DIGITAL AGE. HOW DO YOU REMEMBER THAT TIME?

LYNN HERSHMAN LEESON: WHEN YOU GROW UP WITH SUCH EXCLUSION – WHEN THE ONLY WAY YOU COULD SHOW IN A GALLERY WAS BY BEING MARRIED TO A MAN WHO WAS SHOWING THERE – IT BECOMES SO NORMALIZED THAT PEOPLE DON’T EVEN SEE IT AS EXCLUSION. THEY SIMPLY ASSUME WOMEN DID NOT MAKE ART. SO, WHEN OPPORTUNITIES
FOR CONNECTIVITY, CONVERSATION, AND GENUINE EXCHANGE APPEAR, IT WAS AND IS INCREDIBLY EXCITING. AS A FEMALE ARTIST FORTY YEARS AGO, I HAD NO COLLEAGUES, NO COMMUNITY, NO ONE TO DISCUSS ISSUES WITH OR EVEN TO DEBATE. REALIZING THERE COULD BE MORE POSSIBILITIES WAS A COMPLETE SHIFT IN PERSPECTIVE. NOW THERE’S MORE FREEDOM, MORE PROGRAMS, BIGGER AUDIENCES, AND FAR GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMUNICATION. THE ISOLATION IS LESS PREVALENT THAN BEFORE. COLLABORATING WITH ALL KINDS OF PEOPLE – ESPECIALLY YOUNGER GENERATIONS – BRINGS NEW ENERGY. WHEN YOU GET OLDER, YOU REALIZE YOU DON’T KNOW EVERYTHING. YOU NEED YOUNGER PEOPLE IN YOUR LIFE TO LEARN FROM, AND HAT’S WHERE THE VITALITY IS.

AM: NOW, NEARLY 30 YEARS LATER, DO YOU FEEL THAT OPPORTUNITIES HAVE CHANGED FOR WOMEN IN THE ART WORLD?

LHL: PEOPLE TODAY DON’T ALWAYS REALIZE HOW DIFFERENT IT WAS. YES, PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION STILL EXIST, BUT IT’S NOT COMPARABLE TO 40 YEARS AGO, WHEN WOMEN HAD ALMOST NO VOICE. THERE WERE ZERO FEMALE CURATORS OR MUSEUM DIRECTORS. I REMEMBER THE FIRST FEMALE MUSEUM DIRECTOR IN SAN FRANCISCO, SUZANNE FOLEY. BACK THEN, YOU WERE COMPLETELY ISOLATED,
AND NOBODY TOOK YOU SERIOUSLY. IT’S VERY DIFFERENT NOW BECAUSE AT LEAST THERE’S A CHANCE. SUCCESSFUL WOMEN ARTISTS, CURATORS, AND MUSEUM DIRECTORS HAVE PAID THE PRICE AND PAVED THE WAY FOR OTHERS TO HAVE MORE OPPORTUNITIES.
AS TIME GOES ON, EQUALITY IS BEING INSISTED UPON MORE AND MORE.

AM: IN YOUR MEMOIR, PRIVATE I, YOU WRITE ABOUT HOW MALE ARTISTS COULD GET AWAY WITH ALMOST ANYTHING.

LHL: I WAS THINKING ABOUT DANIEL SPOERRI. THERE WAS A DINNER FOR HIM WHERE HE FLIPPED THE TABLE UPSIDE DOWN AND THREW ALL THE FOOD AGAINST THE WALL, AND EVERYONE THOUGHT IT WAS HILARIOUS. THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT IT LIKE IT WAS GREAT. IF I TRIED TO DO SOMETHING LIKE THAT, I’D BE BANISHED FROM THE CITY, MAYBE EVEN THE COUNTRY. BUT BACK THEN, PEOPLE ACCEPTED THAT KIND OF BEHAVIOR AS JUST BEING AN ARTIST OR BEING INTERESTING BECAUSE THEY WERE THE RIGHT DEMOGRAPHIC. AT THE SAME TIME, THERE WAS ALWAYS PREJUDICE ABOUT WHAT WOMEN WERE ALLOWED TO DO AND HOW THEY HAD TO BEHAVE JUST TO BE INVITED INTO PUBLIC SPACES. SOMETIMES, PEOPLE DON’T EVEN NOTICE WHEN WOMEN ARE BEING EXCLUDED OR OVERLOOKED. IT’S BETTER NOW BECAUSE THERE ARE QUOTAS THAT PEOPLE HAVE TO MEET, BUT IT’S STILL NOWHERE NEAR WHERE IT SHOULD BE.

AS A FEMALE ARTIST FORTY YEARS AGO, I HAD NO COLLEAGUES, NO COMMUNITY, NO ONE TO DISCUSS ISSUES WITH OR EVEN TO DEBATE. REALIZING THERE COULD BE MORE POSSIBILITIES WAS A COMPLETE SHIFT IN PERSPECTIVE.
AM: HOW DID YOU COPE WITH THESE INJUSTICES BACK THEN?

LHL: I WENT THROUGH A LOT OF DEPRESSION AND STRUGGLED TO UNDERSTAND WHAT I COULD DO IN THE WORLD, ESPECIALLY GIVEN ALL THE DISCRIMINATION. EVENTUALLY, I REALIZED THAT I COULD DO SOMETHING NO ONE ELSE COULD – THAT IF I CREATED MY ART, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ANYONE EVER SAW IT, IT WOULD BE SOMETHING UNIQUE TO ME. THAT’S WHAT KEPT ME GOING. I’VE ALWAYS EQUATED BEING AN ARTIST WITH BEING ALIVE BECAUSE I’M NOT SURE I WOULD HAVE SURVIVED WITHOUT THAT UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT I COULD DO AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE WORLD, WHETHER OR NOT IT WAS RECOGNIZED DURING MY LIFETIME.

AM: THE GUERRILLA GIRLS HAVE POINTED OUT THAT WOMEN ARTISTS OFTEN HAVE TO BE IN THEIR 70S OR 80S BEFORE MAJOR MUSEUMS RECOGNIZE THEIR WORK. SINCE THEIR FORMATION IN 1985, THIS ANONYMOUS GROUP OF FEMINIST ACTIVIST ARTISTS HAS EXPOSED WIDESPREAD GENDER AND RACIAL INEQUALITIES IN THE ART WORLD THROUGH PROVOCATIVE POSTERS, REPORTS, AND PUBLIC CAMPAIGNS. THEIR EFFORTS CONTINUE TO HIGHLIGHT HOW WOMEN ARTISTS REMAIN UNDERREPRESENTED AND OVERLOOKED DESPITE THEIR SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS. DID YOU EXPECT YOUR WORK TO RECEIVE WIDER ACKNOWLEDGMENT BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THE GUERRILLA GIRLS?

LHL: I DIDN’T EXPECT IT TO HAPPEN. I WAS AMAZED WHEN THE OPPORTUNITIES FINALLY CAME, AND THE BIG BREAKTHROUGH WAS WITH PETER WEIBEL AT ZKM KARLSRUHE. THAT WAS THE FIRST TIME THAT WORK WAS SHOWN, AND SOME OF IT WAS OVER 50 YEARS OLD. I WAS IN MY 70S, AND SOME OF THE WORKS HAD NEVER BEEN SEEN BEFORE. AGAIN, IT WAS KIND OF A MIRACLE THAT IT HAPPENED, AND IT ONLY HAPPENED BECAUSE I KNEW VALIE EXPORT WHO WAS ANOTHER WOMAN ARTIST. SHE HAD COME TO SAN FRANCISCO AND NEEDED A PLACE TO STAY. AT THAT TIME, PETER WAS VALIE EXPORT’S BOYFRIEND, AND THAT’S HOW I MET HIM. SO, GOING FROM NEVER EXPECTING TO HAVE ANY EXHIBITIONS OR BOOKS IN MY LIFETIME TO HAVING THAT SHOW MADE A DIFFERENCE. IT ALSO MADE A DIFFERENCE FOR OTHERS BECAUSE IT WAS WRITTEN ABOUT, PEOPLE NOTICED IT, AND WORK THAT OTHERS HAD BEEN CREDITED WITH – WORK I HAD DONE 10 YEARS EARLIER – WAS FINALLY RECOGNIZED. I STARTED TO GET SOME REAL REVIEWS, WHICH I HADN’T RECEIVED BEFORE UNLESS I WROTE THEM MYSELF. THEN, SLOWLY, PEOPLE BEGAN TO INVITE ME TO PARTICIPATE IN THINGS. THAT WAS REALLY THE BEGINNING. I DON’T THINK ANY OF THIS WOULD
HAVE HAPPENED WITHOUT THAT SHOW. HISTORY STARTED TO CATCH UP, AND IT HAPPENED DURING MY LIFETIME.

AM: YOU SPOKE ABOUT THE INJUSTICE YOU FACED AND FOUND WAYS TO HELP YOURSELF. FOR EXAMPLE, YOU CREATED THREE MALE ART CRITICS WHO THEN WROTE ABOUT YOUR WORK IN VARIOUS PUBLICATIONS.

LHL: THEIR NAMES WERE PRUDENCE JURIS, GAY ABANDON, AND HERBERT GOOD. YOU CAN’T PLAY INTO EXISTING PREJUDICES; YOU HAVE TO BE CLEVER ABOUT HOW YOU
APPROACH IT SO THAT YOUR WORK IS NOT JUST ACCEPTED BUT ALSO MAKES A DIFFERENCE. BUT I ALSO THINK YOU HAVE TO STAND YOUR GROUND – YOU CAN’T BE SUPPRESSED. YOU HAVE TO FIND A WAY TO GET AROUND THOSE BARRIERS. WRITING A REVIEW ISN’T THAT MUCH WORK, ESPECIALLY WHEN IT’S ABOUT MY OWN WORK. WHEN I WROTE BIG ARTICLES FOR STUDIO INTERNATIONAL THAT REQUIRED MORE RESEARCH,
IT WAS A DIFFERENT PROCESS; WRITING FOR DAILY, THROWAWAY NEWSPAPERS WAS JUST JOTTING DOWN MY IMPRESSIONS. ACTUALLY, IT WAS FUN, AND IT EVENTUALLY BECAME MY MASTER’S THESIS. I DIDN’T START IT AS A THESIS, BUT I LATER DECIDED TO USE IT FOR THAT PURPOSE, SO IT WAS USEFUL.

AM: WRITING SEEMS TO HAVE ALWAYS PLAYED A BIG PART IN YOUR LIFE.

LHL: WHEN YOU WRITE SOMETHING, IT HELPS CLARIFY WHAT YOU’RE THINKING ABOUT, SOMETIMES EVEN THINGS YOU DIDN’T REALIZE YOU WERE THINKING ABOUT. IT’S THE SAME AS WHEN YOU TALK INTO A CAMERA; ALL OF A SUDDEN, YOU START TALKING ABOUT THINGS YOU DIDN’T EXPECT. IT’S A WAY OF GETTING CLEAR ABOUT WHAT’S INSIDE YOUR BRAIN. LATER, I WAS TRYING TO TEACH MYSELF HOW TO USE A CAMERA, AND AT THE TIME, AROUND THE EARLY 1980S, I COULDN’T GET ANY FORMAL INSTRUCTION. I WAS TEACHING, SO I WOULD BORROW A CAMERA AND A MICROPHONE, BUT NOBODY WOULD ACTUALLY TEACH ME HOW TO USE THEM. IT WAS ALL TRIAL AND ERROR. I COULDN’T AFFORD TO HIRE AN ACTOR, SO I JUST SAT IN FRONT OF THE CAMERA AND STARTED TALKING. THAT’S HOW THE ELECTRONIC DIARIES BEGAN – RECORDING MYSELF SAYING THINGS I DIDN’T EVEN REALIZE I WAS THINKING ABOUT. THEN OTHER PEOPLE STARTED TO RELATE TO THOSE VIDEOS. I KEPT GOING WITH IT BECAUSE IT WAS EASY TO DO; ONCE I LEARNED HOW TO OPERATE THE EQUIPMENT, I DIDN’T NEED ANYONE ELSE.

I’VE ALWAYS EQUATED BEING AN ARTIST WITH BEING ALIVE BECAUSE I’M NOT SURE I WOULD HAVE SURVIVED WITHOUT THAT UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT I COULD DO AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE WORLD, WHETHER OR NOT IT WAS RECOGNIZED DURING MY LIFETIME.
AM: SOMETHING YOU’VE RECENTLY EXPLORED IS WORKING WITH CHATGPT. THE SCRIPT FOR YOUR FILM CYBORGIAN RHAPSODY: IMMORTALITY WAS WRITTEN BY AN AI CHATBOT.

LHL: WELL, I WANTED TO TRY WORKING WITH CHATGPT BECAUSE WRITING A SCRIPT IS A LOT OF WORK. I THOUGHT THAT IF I HAD CHATGPT WRITE IT, I COULD SEE WHAT IT
CAME UP WITH. BUT IT WAS REALLY DISAPPOINTING BECAUSE IT HAS NO SENSE OF HUMOR AND NO REAL RESONANCE OR DEPTH. I HAD TO BE VERY CREATIVE IN THE QUESTIONS I ASKED IN ORDER TO SHAPE A SCRIPT THAT MIGHT BE WORTH PRODUCING. IT WAS AN IN- TERESTING EXERCISE, BUT ALSO
DISAPPOINTING BECAUSE I THINK I WAS PROJECTING HUMAN POSSIBILITIES ONTO A PRO- GRAM THAT SIMPLY DOES NOT HAVE THEM. WHAT IT WROTE WAS VERY STRAIGHTFORWARD
AND, FRANKLY, BORING.

AM: AFTER THAT DISAPPOINTMENT, DID YOU CONTINUE EXPERIMENTING WITH CREATING ARTWORK USING CHATGPT?

LHL: NO, I PUT THAT ASIDE. I DIDN’T FIND IT INTERESTING ENOUGH TO WORK WITH, MAYBE BECAUSE I TRIED IT SO EARLY WHEN IT WAS JUST STARTING. IT DIDN’T HOLD MY INTEREST BECAUSE THE RESPONSES WERE TOO BORING, AND I HAD TO SPEND TOO MUCH TIME PRE-CONFIGURING MY QUESTIONS JUST TO GET SOMETHING INTERESTING. IT WAS NOT A DIALOGUE AT ALL. MAYBE IF I TRIED IT NOW, IT WOULD BE
SMARTER OR OFFER MORE DEPTH. BUT AT THE TIME, IT DID NOT DO ANYTHING FOR ME. IT WAS VERY STRAIGHTFORWARD AND NOT SOMETHING YOU WANTED TO KEEP TALKING TO FOR LONG.

AM: AS A VISIONARY ARTIST WORKING WITH THE TECHNOLOGY OF YOUR TIME, YOU CONSTANTLY HAD TO TEACH YOURSELF HOW TO MASTER NEW TOOLS.

LHL: WELL, IF I WANTED TO LEARN ABOUT SOMETHING, I HAD TO DO IT MYSELF. THERE WAS NOBODY TO HELP IN SCHOOL – IN FACT, THEY OFTEN MADE FUN OF ME WHEN I WANTED TO DO SOMETHING OTHER THAN TRADITIONAL WATERCOLOR. THEY WOULDN’T ACCEPT MY WORK, AND I WASN’T EVEN ALLOWED TO SUBMIT IT FOR REVIEW. THE ADMINISTRATION INSISTED I CHANGE MY MAJOR, SO I SWITCHED TO BIOLOGY.

AM: WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS TODAY?

LHL: THERE ARE NEW POSSIBILITIES, BUT IT’S NOT AS REVOLUTIONARY AS DIGITAL ART. WITH DIGITAL ART, YOU COULD DO THINGS THAT WERE COMPLETELY NEW, ESPECIALLY
FOR PEOPLE WHO HADN’T HAD ACCESS TO THAT BEFORE. IT OPENED UP A BROADER AUDIENCE AND THE ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE INSTANTLY AROUND THE WORLD. AI IS BASICALLY A SOPHISTICATED SEARCH ENGINE. I THINK PEOPLE ARE BECOMING MORE DEMANDING ABOUT WHAT TECHNOLOGY SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO. WE’VE HAD MAJOR BREAKTHROUGHS IN THE LAST 10 YEARS, BUT RIGHT NOW, I DON’T SEE ANY REAL BREAK- THROUGHS – EXCEPT MAY- BE THE POSSIBILITY OF LEAVING THE PLANET. STILL, PEOPLE EXPECT AND WANT MORE. I HAD AN ADVANTAGE LIVING IN THE BAY AREA BE- CAUSE YOU GET TO HEAR ABOUT THINGS BE- FORE THEY BECOME PUB- LIC OR TAKEN OVER BY TECHNOLOGY. UNDERSTANDING WHAT SILICON VALLEY IS DOING, THE PROGRAMS THEY’RE WORKING ON, AND THE PROGRAMMERS THEY BRING HERE HAS BEEN REALLY HELPFUL IN MY CAREER. I DOUBT I WOULD BE DOING THE KIND OF WORK I DO IF I LIVED IN NEW YORK. LIVING NEAR SILICON VALLEY MADE IT POSSIBLE.

EVENTUALLY, I REALIZED THAT IF I CREATED MY ART, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ANYONE EVER SAW IT, IT WOULD BE SOMETHING UNIQUE TO ME.
AM: BUT WERE YOU ALSO INTERESTED IN THE HISTORY OF ART?

LHL: I SPENT A LOT OF MY TIME GROWING UP AT THE CLEVELAND MUSEUM, ALWAYS WANTING TO BE THERE, LOOKING AT REMBRANDTS, CÉZANNE, AND ALL THE DRAWINGS. BUT IT WAS SOMETHING FROM THE PAST. I USED TO COPY THEM, TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THE ARTISTS WERE THINKING WHEN THEY MADE THEIR WORK AND WHAT THEIR LIVES WERE LIKE. BUT IT DIDN’T DEAL WITH THE PRESENT OR THE POSSIBILITIES THAT EXIST SINCE THEN. THE BEST ARTISTS INVENT THINGS THAT HAVEN’T BEEN DONE BEFORE, THINGS THAT REFLECT THEIR PARTICULAR TIME. SO FOR ME, GOING BACK AND DOING THOSE KINDS OF THINGS WOULD BE MORE HISTORICAL WORK RATHER THAN EXPLORING NEW POSSIBILITIES WITH CURRENT INVENTIONS.

AM: THE HISTORY OF ART IS OFTEN ABOUT WHO DID SOMETHING FIRST. WAS THAT SOMETHING ON YOUR MIND?

LHL: I DIDN’T DO THINGS TO BE THE FIRST; I DID THEM BECAUSE THEY WERE INTERESTING OR DIDN’T EXIST YET. I HAD TO CREATE TECHNOLOGIES AND MEET PROGRAMMERS
TO DEVELOP TOOLS THAT WOULD ALLOW ME TO MAKE WHAT I WANTED. IT WASN’T ABOUT BEING FIRST; IT WAS ABOUT MAKING SOMETHING I WANTED TO CREATE. FORTUNATELY, LIVING IN THE BAY AREA MEANT PROGRAMMERS WERE ACCESSIBLE AND AFFORDABLE. THEY LIKED DOING THIS KIND OF WORK AND ENJOYED GOING TO EXHIBITIONS WHERE THEY HELPED CREATE SOMETHING. I STILL WORK WITH SOME
OF THOSE PROGRAMMERS AFTER ALMOST TWO DECADES. SOMETIMES, NOT HAVING RESOURCES FORCES YOU TO INVENT BETTER WAYS OF DOING THINGS. WE MADE THE FILM TEKNOLUST IN JUST FOUR DAYS USING VIRTUAL SETS I INVENTED SO I DIDN’T HAVE TO BUILD PHYSICAL ONES. TEKNOLUST WAS PRODUCED ON A MODEST BUDGET BUT IS KNOWN FOR ITS INNOVATIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY AND STORYTELLING. EVEN WITH THE FINANCIAL CHALLENGES, IT BECAME AN IMPORTANT WORK IN MY CAREER AND HAS BEEN SHOWCASED IN RETROSPECTIVES AND EXHIBITIONS. IT WAS A DIFFICULT PROCESS BECAUSE I LOST THE BUDGET FOR TEKNOLUST SHORTLY BEFORE FILMING STARTED. THE PRODUCER AND ATTORNEY ANNOUNCED THE NIGHT BEFORE
TILDA SWINTON WAS CAST ON A “PAY OR PLAY” CONTRACT THAT THERE WERE NO FUNDS AVAILABLE. DESPITE THIS SETBACK AND NEARLY FACING BANKRUPTCY, I PUSHED THROUGH AND COMPLETED THE FILM.

AM: SPEAKING OF PERSEVERANCE: ! WOMEN ART REVOLUTION (WAR) IS A DOCUMENTARY YOU WORKED ON OVER SEVERAL DECADES. IT COVERS THE FEMINIST ART MOVEMENT FROM THE LATE 1960S TO THE EARLY 2000S AND HIGHLIGHTS THE STRUGGLES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF WOMEN ARTISTS FIGHTING SEXISM IN THE MALE-DOMINATED ART WORLD THROUGH INTERVIEWS AND ARCHIVAL FOOTAGE.

LHL: I DIDN’T ORIGINALLY KNOW IT WAS GOING TO BE A FILM. I JUST NOTICED THERE WERE WOMEN DOING AMAZING THINGS IN ART. WHENEVER A WOMAN ARTIST CAME TO SAN FRANCISCO, I’D GET A CAMERA AND INTERVIEW THEM IN MY LIVING ROOM, NOT KNOWING WHAT WOULD COME OF IT. IT WAS A WAY TO MEET THEM AND SEE WHAT THEY WERE DOING FOR MYSELF. EVENTUALLY, I HAD SO MANY VIDEOTAPES OF
THESE INCREDIBLE WOMEN THAT HARDLY ANYONE HAD HEARD OF, AND SINCE I WAS TEACHING, I THOUGHT I NEEDED TO PUT IT ALL TOGETHER SO PEOPLE COULD SEE WHO THE WOMEN REALLY MAKING BREAKTHROUGHS WERE. THAT’S HOW IT HAPPENED. I DID SEVERAL INTERVIEWS OVER TIME – SOMETIMES I’D INTERVIEW SOMEONE, THEN TWO YEARS LATER THEY’D COME BACK FOR ANOTHER, AND IF I WENT TO NEW YORK, I’D DO LONGER INTERVIEWS WITH THE MOST INTERESTING ARTISTS. THE WOMEN WHO WERE INVENTING THE WORK MADE A REAL DIFFERENCE, BUT ALSO HOW THEY
COMMUNICATED MATTERED. SOME GREAT ARTISTS CAN’T TALK ABOUT THEIR WORK WELL, SO THEY’RE HARD TO USE IN A FILM. OTHERS ARE ANIMATED, ARTICULATE, AND MAKE GREAT SUBJECTS. I USUALLY PREPARED QUESTIONS IN ADVANCE, BUT I RARELY USED THEM – IT WAS MORE OF A CONVERSATION BECAUSE I NEVER KNEW WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN. I WASN’T EVEN INTENDING TO MAKE A FILM.

AM: HAVE YOU CONTINUED TO INTERVIEW WOMEN ARTISTS?

LHL: THE PROJECT WAS REALLY HARD. I AM GLAD I DID IT BUT WON’T DO IT AGAIN. MANY OF THE WOMEN WERE DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH AND HAD NEVER BEEN IN SITUATIONS LIKE THAT BEFORE. SOME WANTED TO RE-EDIT THE FILM TO MAKE THEMSELVES LOOK MORE IMPORTANT, AND EVENTUALLY, I DECIDED THAT WAS THE END OF IT.

AM: NOW THAT YOU’VE JUST FINISHED YOUR MEMOIR, HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT ITS PUBLICATION? YOU ARE QUITE CANDID IN PARTS, ESPECIALLY WHEN SPEAKING ABOUT CERTAIN CURATORS AND ARTISTS.

LHL: IT’S QUITE A BIT MORE ANXIETY-PROVOKING THAN ANYTHING ELSE I’VE DONE. MY DAUGHTER WILL READ IT. I HAVE TO PREPARE HER FOR KNOWING THE PERSONAL HISTORY. YOU NEVER KNOW HOW PEOPLE WILL REACT. THEY MIGHT HATE IT OR MOST PROBABLY CRITICIZE IT, BUT IT WAS SOMETHING I HAD TO DO.

AM: THANK YOU!
WELL, I WANTED TO TRY WORKING WITH CHATGPT BECAUSE WRITING A SCRIPT IS A LOT OF WORK. I THOUGHT THAT IF I HAD CHATGPT WRITE IT, I COULD SEE WHAT IT CAME UP WITH. BUT IT WAS REALLY DISAPPOINTING BECAUSE IT HAS NO SENSE OF HUMOR AND NO REAL RESONANCE OR
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