PASSION ISSUE – Numéro Berlin https://www.numeroberlin.de Mon, 25 Nov 2024 10:32:25 +0000 en-US hourly 1 #PASSION: EMILY MEI-MEI ROSE IN CONVERSATION WITH BRAXTON GARNEAU https://www.numeroberlin.de/2024/11/passion-emily-mei-mei-rose-in-conversation-with-braxton-garneau/ Mon, 25 Nov 2024 10:32:24 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=53531 Braxton Garneau is a visual artist based in Edmonton, Canada. Working in painting, sculpture, printmaking and installation, Garneau’s practice is rooted in costuming, transformation, and material honesty.

Combining visual influences from classical European portraiture and Afro-Caribbean culture with harvested and hand-processed materials, he creates portraits, shrines, and corporeal forms that explore the sociocultural history of his Caribbean heritage.

Garneau’s recent body of work, Procession, specifically looks at the traditions of costuming and European influences on the development of the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, and its precursor “Canboulay”— a festival of both resistance and celebration, developed by former indentured laborers and slaves in response to the 18th century masquerades of the French-colonial elite.

Across his body of work, Garneau deeply engages complex networks of exchange between people, industry, material, migration, coloniality, or culture.

Emily Mei-Mei Rose: Your recent body of work for Procession draws our attention to the complex colonial history and deeply embedded cultural roots of Canboulay, a precursor to the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. What initially drew you to Canboulay as a vehicle to delve into specific aspects of Caribbean history?

Braxton Garneau: It stems from a childhood fascination with Carnival. My paternal grandparents spoke to me about it from the time I was four or five years old, promising that one day I’d get to experience it with them. They described it as being this celebration of mythical proportions with grand costumes, music and dancing. As I got older, and the possibility of making that trip became more feasible, I wanted to really understand the roots of this celebration.

My grandparents moved back to Trinidad after 40 years in Canada, and at the age of 26, I went to experience Carnival with them. It’s still the most significant cultural celebration in Trinidad and has endured for nearly 200 years.

How does your childhood imagination of this celebration compare to your first-hand experience of it as an adult? Does that imagination continue to shape your work?

Given that my grandparents’ accounts were based on their experiences before the 60s and largely nostalgic, the idea that I had of Carnival was outdated by the time I experienced it. The history of Canboulay and the original costumes were an integral part of the celebrations when my grandparents were first experiencing it, but now those portions of the festivities have become a lot smaller and are not as popular.
Carnival is forever changing to represent contemporary concerns and ideas, but the whimsical and imaginative qualities that I envisioned as a child still continue to shape my work.

There is a fantastical way that your work represents these Carnivalesque characters. It’s very much to do with these masks that were inherited from French colonial masquerades, and you employ visual influences from both classical European portraiture and Afro-Caribbean culture. Can you speak a bit on how you navigate the complex intersections of these influences through your work?
I pull a lot of formal inspiration from European portraiture, specifically 17th century Dutch portraiture of the nobility.
Earlier in my practice, I replaced those sitters with people that I identified with, who functioned as stand-ins for myself. It was also a process of incorporating materials and aesthetics representative of the Afro-Caribbean culture, to dismantle the perceived hierarchical differences.
I’m interested in your use of characters and portraiture throughout your work—whether they be re-imaginations of 17th-century figures of nobility, archetypal Carnival characters, or intimate depictions of your own family. As much of your work explores the sociocultural histories of your own Caribbean heritage, I wonder if and how you see yourself in conversation with these characters and figures from your personal life, as well as how you might see them in conversation with each other?

Often, when thinking about portraiture, in my practice, each subject stems from a fascination with the cultural context of a material, a personal experience or event, or in the case of the Carnival characters, a specific psychological function. It shifts from work to work. Sometimes, the themes will complement one another, and sometimes they contrast. My practice is really about me translating my thoughts into something tangible.

In the Procession series, the figures are presented out of context, posed and costumed. The portraits of your family differ in that the figures are tied to the domestic sphere, to this sphere of ultimate intimacy, presented in candid moments in various states of undress. I see these works relating to Procession in the sense that both offer snapshots of a moment—these are moments of a particular form of intimacy that differ, yet still seem somehow in conversation with each other.

I think subconsciously I’m always pulling from the Dutch tradition of portraiture, which will range from these very extravagant depictions of nobility to very unflattering domestic scenarios and even caricature. You will see paintings of the artist’s mother, which are by no means flattering, but somehow very authentic and intimate. Those are some of the paintings I spend the most time with.
There is a portrait I painted of my brother based on a photograph taken from the moment he woke up. There is a certain intimacy captured there, yet the pose has the feeling of a strong classical aesthetic structure.
I love a balance of refined and natural elements—which also comes through in my use of material. I typically rely on realistic representations of a figure, but I incorporate material elements that are less refined or less processed, such as soil, raffia, bones and roots.

I hadn’t thought about how the formality of the portrait itself can be undermined or layered through materiality. You’ve mentioned the concept of “material honesty” in your artistic practice. Could you elaborate on what this means to you? How do you see materials like raffia, sugarcane pulp, cowrie shells, and asphalt, with their inextricable colonial histories and cultural ties, contributing to the narrative qualities of your work?

For me, material honesty means embracing the inherent qualities of the material that I’m using—letting the natural luster, texture, or value of that material shine in a piece. Many of my figurative works are without an identifiable background, and I use these materials as identifiers to contextualize them in a place or time within a certain cultural framework.
Materials like raffia and sugarcane tie my work to Trinidad and the greater African diaspora. The sugar industry, for example, was the reason that tens of thousands of enslaved Africans were brought to Trinidad. Trinidad was one of the most efficient exporters of sugar in the British West Indies. That industry shaped the landscape—the physical landscape of Trinidad and the sociocultural landscape. Including sugarcane in my paintings is a substitute for painting a sugarcane field in the background. It’s also one of those symbols that relies on the viewer’s own knowledge of the material. Not everyone will understand the correlations, but the material is a symbol known to those who have spent generations in proximity to it.

I think that the way you use materiality very effectively ties what I see as this visual snapshot in your portraits, to a spatial imaginary–to place. But it’s place that’s been moved. It’s place that’s been transported. And it ties into time in a particular way.

Exactly, I’m transposing that context into the figure.

Where do you source your materials from?
I have a large collection of found and scavenged materials that I started collecting in childhood and have continued to maintain. I’ve collected materials during my visits to Trinidad, on my walks in the prairies of Canada, including bones and cow vertebrae. This process of using all of the available resources is something I’ve inherited from all sides of my family. For example, the figure in Cannes Brûlées incorporates cow vertebrae left over from oxtail stew, a traditional dish in the Caribbean.
I imagine you must have a cabinet of curiosities in your studio.
I do! And I have bins upon bins that are all labeled. There’s a method to the chaos.
One of the things that I appreciate about your use of materials, particularly materials like asphalt and bones, is that it embodies this language of sedimentation—different material elements that become a part of the land through processes of decomposing, recomposing, restructuring. It’s, again, very related to place, in the sense that you can say exactly where this dirt came from, or where those bones came from. I’m curious how that connection to place translates as the work itself travels from place to place. Having had solo exhibitions in Los Angeles (2023), Calgary (2021) and Edmonton (2019), as well as an upcoming solo exhibition at the Art Gallery of Alberta (2024), can you discuss the evolution of your work across these different exhibition spaces and how each experience has contributed to the ongoing development of your practice?

I’m very conscious about the physical space when conceiving a show. Each one of these opportunities has provided very unique spaces that I am able to respond to. Ideally, my exhibitions will always contain both two-dimensional and three-dimensional works, and I am able to create an environment as part of that experience.
For all of these exhibitions, the work was made specifically for the space as well as the location. For example, the show in Los Angeles considered the site of the La Brea Tar Pits, and the connections between La Brea Pitch Lake in Trinidad and the oil sands in Northern Alberta. For my latest exhibition at the Art Gallery of Alberta, I am again considering the site, but have removed the figure entirely. The exhibition still tells a story about people and place, but focuses on landscape as the main subject. This project has pushed my work into the realm of installation, focusing on expanding materials, and made me reconsider the relationship between the figure and the landscape.

If you’re removing the figure and building out the exhibition as the landscape, do the visitors then become the figures in this show?

In a way, they do. I’m placing the visitors between two bitumen-rich landmasses—one is centered around Alberta, where I was born and raised, and the other is centered around Trinidad and Pitch Lake. I see the visitor’s experience between these two physical masses as representative of my own experience as someone whose identity has been deeply informed by these two places. It’s also about the migration of Caribbean immigrants to Canada, specifically in the 60s as laborers in the extractive industries in Alberta.

The use of asphalt in your solo exhibition at the Art Gallery of Alberta not only connects to personal narratives, but also grounds your work in the inextricable colonial histories, patterns of migration, and cultural ties of generations of Caribbeans. Can you share more about the personal significance of asphalt in your artistic process? How do you see your work contributing to a broader network of stories and experiences across generations, particularly within the Afro-Caribbean diaspora?

During my first visit to Trinidad, I went to La Brea Pitch Lake, which is the largest natural asphalt deposit in the world. I was fascinated at seeing it in its various states and was excited by the mutability of the material. I love the idea of change and transformation. Asphalt embodies this as without an aggregate, it will always return to a puddle.
I was initially drawn to its formal qualities and it fed into my visual language, which relies on natural materials to contextualize my work.
Geographically, asphalt links my work to both Trinidad and Alberta. Alberta’s industry of extraction brought my paternal grandfather to Canada, along with many other Caribbeans. And that same industry employed my maternal grandfather. So, asphalt is this product of extraction that has sustained both sides of my family.

In terms of the stability of asphalt at various stages, do the works you make out of asphalt change over time? Are they mutable as well?
They are subject to change, as all natural materials are, but it is imperceptibly slow. I use a more stabilized water-based asphalt emulsion in my work. This applies to most of the materials I use—raffia, bones, soil, even raw canvas—
all of these things are subject to change and I embrace those changes. It’s a part of existing.
What can audiences expect in your upcoming exhibition, Pay Dirt? How does this upcoming exhibition build on or diverge from your previous bodies of work?
This exhibition is the largest scale installation I’ve built to date. It is an immersive, spatial experience for the viewer, placing them between two landscapes. It builds on my previous work in the sense that I am anchoring this project to the materiality of asphalt, but in this particular work, there are no obvious figures. The exhibition is part of an ongoing cultural and historical discussion in my work about the relationship between materials, industry, people and migration.
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#PASSION: “WITNESS THE CONTINUITY OF DISCONTINUITY” – IN CONVERSATION WITH FRANCESCO CLEMENTE https://www.numeroberlin.de/2024/11/passion-witness-the-continuity-of-discontinuity-in-conversation-with-francesco-clemente/ Mon, 18 Nov 2024 09:00:53 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=52240

Francesco Clemente: These are new paintings, but they’re not works in progress, they’re done. They’re very concise, like this.

Hans Ulrich Obrist: So, it’s a whole new cycle.
It’s a whole new cycle. The previous one, called Wings of Desire, which I had at the exhibition at the Château La Coste, in the Niemeyer Pavilion, were larger paintings with images of wings. And now, from the wings, we approach the waves.
So, Hokusai, in a way.
Yes, the most famous painting in the history of mankind.
You always work in cycles.
I always work in cycles.
How did that start? Have you always done that?

I think on the premise of a self-sufficient and self-enclosed territory, that is not made as a riff on another territory or inopposition to another territory.

So, like, its own territory.

It is its own territory. It is also a device to check on the intensity and accuracy of the object.

When you work on paintings, do you start with preparatory drawings?
I don’t draw, but I take notes on little scraps of paper to not forget the image I want to make. But when I make the painting,there is no preparatory drawing at all. Everything I make is done that way, to unprepare myself to make it.
So, it’s the opposite of preparation.
The opposite, I just make room and then let it unfold.
And the title of the cycle is The Waves? Or do they have individual titles?
The individual title comes later. It’s been two weeks and they don’t have a title yet. I’m looking at them and then if I see that there is a theme…
Here, the wave is almost gone, there is almost no wave.
There is no wave. The wave is the most distinctive element in this group, but not all the paintings have waves in them.
And what prompted the waves?
I have no idea. I do as I’m told.
So it’s like Whistler said – art happens, it just happens, art just happens.
Who said that?
Whistler. So, like, higher forces tell you. [“Art happens – no hovel is safe from it, no prince may depend upon it, the vastest intelligence cannot bring it about.” – James Whistler, Ed.]
I think it’s a little late to find excuses, no? [laughter]
And this?
This is super recent; it was painted yesterday. So, it is a different register and technique than these…
How was this painted? What is the different technique?
The technique is different and also the entire article is different.
It’s more about being as concise as possible.
The main element here is the slate. The canvas is primed with slate. That’s what dictates everything else. The slate is verysoft and this is a more conventionally made painting. I haven’t been painting this way in a while. It’s exciting because the hand keeps changing, and it’s exciting not to know what the hand is going to do.
And this was prompted by…
This was prompted by the fact that I was told. Sometimes, I do as I’m told and sometimes I do not. As I’m told by whatever unknown sources there are, but also as I am told by my friends and family. When I say, “What should I makenext?” somebody will say, “Landscapes!” And then the question arises, landscape…? What is a landscape for me? The landscape, for me, is through the window. So it is going to be landscapes seen from a room.
So the portrait of a landscape can happen without leaving the room.
Exactly.
The photographer Lucien Hervé made a book called “Paris sans quitter ma fenêtre” (Paris Without Leaving My Window). He believed he could see the entire city through his window, so he opened the window every day and took photos.
Giorgio Morandi made all these beautiful pencil-drawn landscapes looking at them through a telescope.
Yes, exactly. This is the first painting of that new series?

This is the first painting. It’s really fresh, it’s from yesterday.

So, I am very lucky I can see it here.

Yeah, I hope you like it. I’m pleased with it.

It’s beautiful.
You know, a traditional painting like this is just what it is, you can’t really make it more open than this.
The challenge is to keep it as open as possible.
It’s fascinating because it is like traditional painting, as you say. But, at the same time, there are some elements which are almost pastel. It is almost like a painting pastel, pastel painting; it’s like a hybrid, no?
I play with that, yes.
[reads from a painting] What’s “All evil things”?
You know, there is a story to that, but I can’t remember.
Did you write it?
I did write it. [laughs]
It must have been a strange day.
It’s like a palimpsest, no? So many years in the studio.

It has been there for a very long time and a friend of mine took a photograph of it, showed it to a club owner, who made a neon sign modeled after it and put it in the club.

It is interesting in the series that this painting is so different from all the others.

It’s a little more of a complicated image. I actually saw those two once in Los Angeles at the Sunday fair, the Sunday market. There were a boy and a girl and they were walking around. Without the snail, just with the leash.

It’s so connected. It’s like an interspecies dialog between the snail and them, it’s beautiful.

Also, this is more layered. I’m very very much enamored with this technique.

When did you start with it?
Recently.
And these are new watercolors?

These are new watercolors, yeah.

Is that the same rock garden?
Another rock from the same rock garden. [laughs]
And the watercolor practice is always parallel. Is it something you always do?

Yeah, it also depends on the location. When I’m In India, when I’m in New Mexico, when I’m in the Caribbean…
This is all super recent.

Also this year?
Very recent, yeah. June. [unwraps more]
This is an amazing series, does this have a title?

It’s one set; I like to keep it together. It can be “Rock Garden”, or it can be “Four Seasons.” Then there is another set. When you have enough, you tell me.

No, I’m very curious. I just don’t want it to be difficult for you, I’m curious to see as much as possible.

Ok. This is one set I made in June 2023, and the other set is a group of self-portraits.

And you made these in New Mexico?
All of this was made in New Mexico.
So, how does the work differ from studio to studio. Say, in New Mexico, is it more watercolors?
Well, paradoxically, this really enchanted, spiritual, soulful, fragile place takes me to a very layered, grotesque, dark place. So, I confine myself to watercolors because the dark is too much. If you translate it into watercolor, it will not have theheaviness that you would have if it was painted with another medium.
What about the self-portrait? Because the self-portrait appears from the beginning, in the 70s already. How did that begin?
As you know, when I began to paint, painting was supposedly entirely forbidden and discredited. And I lost everyone’s friendship, including Alighiero [Boetti].
Really?

I was blacklisted.

But why? Alighiero made lots of painting on paper?
Yeah, but he didn’t think he did, you know?
So, he was against your painting?
Absolutely. Totally.
So, it was ideological?

Yeah, totally. He didn’t think he was painting, because he thought he was applying the process. And also he was delegating. A lot of those works were made by Tirelli. He wasn’t even painting with the hand. You should not see the hand, the subjectivity.

Which is paradoxical, because he painted rather hand.
It’s complete nonsense. In any case, because all of that, I felt I took ground. I didn’t take painting for granted. I said ok, I’m going to be a painter. A painter of what? Who is painting? And then I thought, well, I am painting. And what is the subject of the “I painting”?
In the “I painting,” the “self” is the subject itself.

It wasn’t about sensuality, it was not about self-something. It was really about the fragility of the self, the discontinuity of the self. This is me chasing away the bad thoughts, the negative thoughts. But then, as they were leaving, I felt very sad for them. I thought, where are they going to go?

Amazing.
Think about it: Even bad thoughts have the right to have a life, no? [laughs, unwraps more artworks]
This is also amazing, what were the thoughts here?
I’m just a burning match. But I am very pleased with this setting: Because I painted them where I painted them and at that particular moment, the technique is completely different than my usual watercolors, which were much more deliberate and very carefully done.
It’s more open.
It’s messier. And I really really like this.
Yeah, it’s beautiful.
This is another set, five self-portraits.
They’re completely different from your previous work, more free and loose. I mean, they’re always very liquid, but here it’s more…
They’re totally open. You know the signature on my watercolor is the address, that is always precise. And here, they’re open.
I remember when we first met, you said you never use photography in the poses. So, you work from memory?
I mean, I look at things, yeah, but I don’t… There is no information in photography, visual information. It’s veryimperfect. It’s a reduction of what we see. I mean, we don’t see as little as that. We see so much more than that.
Yeah, it’s so much more multisensory, than photography.
Also, all the lines are always false lines in photography.
Maria Lassnig, the Austrian painter, always said painting and drawing can go where photography cannot go. Because photography cannot go into our nerves.
That is true on every level. Also on the optical level. I mean, I am not an optical artist. But, for me, photography doesn’tgo where the soul is. Not only that, it also doesn’t go where the eye goes, you know? It’s just not good enough.
Do you paint every day?
Yes. Well, I mainly paint, but also just sit here like this.
Oh, wow, this is amazing. What are these?
This is how I spent my pandemic.
They’re all fakes.

I got really obsessed with these. At the end of the 19th century, a Japanese archeologist, who was a tutor at the Emperor in Mongolia’s court, asked permission to leave and went to a remote corner of northeast China. He was there to dig these, and claimed that they were from 2000 BC, from this unknown civilization. And the iconography, very strange and original, is the pig. The fetus of the pig is the most important image. These people also made vases.

I suspect that this man made it all up. In any case, nothing happened until the 30s, there was a little bit of digging. And then in the 60s, there was more digging. They found ten thousand objects and nine thousand got stolen. And then, inthe 80s, they started to surface on the market, and many many forgeries were made. But the forgeries were made bypeople who never saw the originals because the originals are too rare. So, the question is: Maybe these forgeries are originals, made by people trying to imagine this remote civilization, and I think whichever way it is, it’s fantastic. [laughs] Then I went to the British Museum; they have a couple of “originals.” Well, the note of the curator was: “Probably a forgery from the 20th century.”

But, they kept it in the collection. So, if the British Museum keeps it, I can keep them also. And Christie’s or Sotheby’sHong Kong are like, “Oh, what we have is from an old Chinese family…” so the price is shooting through the roof.

But you found them for a few dollars on the internet?
Yeah, during the pandemic.
And here?
My mother. She was a painter.
Did she exhibit?

No.

But she felt as an artist?
My mother’s claim to fame is that she, during the war, traded the tires of her car for a beautiful 18th century Neapolitanboiseri secretaire. Those were her values, you know. [laughs]
And this is another series here?
These are self-portraits in the Bible. So they’re self-portraits with all of the deities that we see in the bardo – bardo meaning the state of existence between lives.
And the wall painting?
The wall painting is something I’ve been doing in the past few years, since China. I made the first one in China, I had a big exhibition in 798 in Beijing. And then I did another version in Dallas at the Contemporary Museum, and then I did another in Berlin. They’re big murals, where I draw the shapes. And then, with a couple of assistants, we do it in these standardized ways, with oxblood.
It’s interesting because the other day, I spoke to some younger artists who all have the desire to go back to wall painting and frescos. Because, in a way, this whole art world, where everybody travels, it’s not sustainable, it’s not ecologically sustainable. So there is a desire, but you’ve been doing it for a long time.

I’ve been making frescos for a long time, but my frescos are movable, like that one. And recently I’ve beenmaking them again, but I don’t make them here. I have another studio in Greenpoint where I make them.

So, you have a whole studio for frescos?
Yeah, because it’s a real thing, you know, with water and plaster.
How did your interest in fresco begin?

My first one, I painted it for the Venice Biennale in 1980. I was friendly with a restorer in Italy. I came to New York in1980, I saw the frescos from panels at the Met. And when I went back to Rome, I thought, why can’t we actually make them on the panels? And so we did. It’s a big triptych. Three meters by six. It was shown at the Biennale curated by Harald Szeemann.

So, the frescos, are they all movable, or did you also do site specific works that are not movable?
I did a few non movable ones. The main one is in the Museo Madre.
That’s the one I know. I saw your big show there, which was fantastic. And this is recent also?
This is recent but not super recent; I’d say maybe two years?
And this is another one in this series?
No, this is by a friend of mine, a young painter.
Who is it?
Her name is Priya Kishore. She’s Indian.
And this? Because it’s quite similar to this.

Maybe. I don’t think she’s derivative of my work. She spent a lot of time here. She has that quality that you have inIndia. She watched me working and she really absorbed all my tricks, but she has very much her own mind andsensibility. That’s a drawing by Alba. This is an artist in Mexico City. These are all women. That’s a work by my assistant.

I want to create more, but then the moment passes and it’s difficult to go back.

[they move around]

This is the first canvas by Basquiat. The first time he painted on canvas.
Oh, wow. Very very first time?
Yeah. Diego Cortez did a show upstairs from the Mudd Club. It was a group show. And this was in the show.
It’s an amazing piece.
It’s very powerful, you can really see how much energy and sense of space.
And these are your books here?
So many books.

These are the necessary books, which means Sylvia and poetry.

Poetry has always been very essential for you.
Poetry is very important. And then these are my formative books, when I was a child. The first French edition of the 1001 Nights, illustrated, which was my sexual education, the illustrations are so dark. [laughs] And this is a discredited bookbecause I think this guy was a fascist. It was illustrated with these ink drawings. When I was growing up, like, let’s say at six years old, these two books were my parameters.
And in poetry, who are your poets? Because you did a lot of collaborations with poets.
I collaborated with Robert Creeley, Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso, Rene Ricard, Vincent Katz.
And recently?

Recently, I’ve been working on a book from a writer from the 1920s that I discovered.

And this is another series of paintings?
These are the Tibetan monks, but they’re unfinished.
It’s really such a magical place here, so many layers.
It’s good. It’s a good place. I love this wall with my friends’ work and my assistants’ work. With Julian Schnabel on topthere. I love the palette of it all. And then the map I made a few years ago. The best part of the map would have been if someone would have been there, recording my rant about all these lines. Because the oldest lines, and now again. I mean,look at this bullshit here. You know how many people died for these lines? Like, millions. And now again, millions. Right here, look. Look at the lines. So stupid.
Like the war in Ukraine.
Yeah, look. You can tell that there are problems there. Look at the lines. Look how many lines. It’s two thousand years. It’sa bit misleading here because there are no dates. Because if you would have dates, you would see now France, Spain, Germany, England.
Is this was a series or a one off? Because I have never seen anything like this from you.
No, it’s a one off.
And it’s also a continuation of Boetti very differently, no?
It relates to all of those things, yes.
I think Agata [Boetti] is a special person.
 I think she really gets it.
She’s really devoted and committed and she’s smart.
The book she wrote about Alighiero, it’s excellent. She really caught something. She got the voice. And for a child, for thedaughter to hear the father, it’s a miracle.
Yeah, it is. And what about this here, this altar?
These are altars from Hindu worship and altars from Tibetan worship. Within the Hindu, there are many different deities and counts. This here is Vishnu, this is Ganesha, the middle one is Tara. The big crystal is actually from a tantric temple in Benares [Varanasi]. And then Shiva, Shiva. I love those chalk objects. They belong to the Lingayat. And glass paintings from Tanjore. Giant drawings.
And these drawings?
Jain. I always loved them. There was a high end art gallery in Turin in the 70s, Sperone Gallery, and they had thisexhibition of gigantic Jain cosmologies. That was just a transformative moment for me. There were a lot of magic squares;I made several works with the magic square.
So, your earlier drawings or paintings in the 70s were inspired by that?

Yes.

You don’t have a catalog raisonné, but if it would exist: What would be the first work in it? What’s the first work you were happy with, which was no longer student work?
It’s a drawing that ended up on the cover of a big catalogue. It’s a self-portrait of me with a raised fist, like a communist salute.
But I’m not really a communist.
So it begins with a self portrait.
Yeah. There are drawings that I made, in a thick book like this, when I was 19, on my first trip to India. That’s a page fromthat notebook.
So it all began in India then.
The early works were actually photographic works. I don’t know if you noticed.
I know.
Because I would not show the original drawings. I would take a photograph and then show the photograph.
So it was more conceptual.
Yeah, so that nobody would give me a hard time, you know, so Boetti was happy, everybody was happy. [laughs]
It’s interesting that it was so ideological.

I think I was very lucky. I mean, it was so much better than going to an art school or anything like that, you know, to be with these remarkable people. And they were all really incredible people. Pier Paolo Calzolari was a wonderful person, wonderful artist. Mario and Marisa Merz – they were difficult, but they were amazing, too. To be confronted with someone like that. Luciano Fabro.

[Giovanni] Anselmo?
I was not in touch with him. They were the outcasted, the Turin group – Anselmo, [Giuseppe] Penone and [Gilberto] Zorio were considered lesser people.
Really?

It was very competitive you know? [Jannis] Kounellis.

[Luigi] Ontani?
Ontani was my friend. Because Ontani and Boetti and I, we came to Rome at the same time. So we were also outcasts at the beginning, because there was an established group of artists in Rome. And they looked at us like, who are you? What do you want? We were included in an exhibition by Sargentini, it was called “24 hours.” The gallery was open day and night. That’s how we all met, and that’s where we were confronted by the local artists who were up in arms against us.
What did you show there?

I showed a cluster of tiny drawings, but projected through the lines into an empty room. And there were anamorphic drawings. So, with the projection being on an angle, they would go back to being regular.

You use the book as a medium a lot. You did a lot of artist books and of course the Hanuman press. Was that also from the beginning, or how did that book obsession start?
From the very beginning.
So you made artist books already in the 70s?
Yes. Have you ever seen Art & Project? The little red one?
No, it would be great to see. And there hasn’t been a book about a book?
No. [He gets another book] You never saw this?
No, I’ve never seen it. In Latin. Switzerland. The Swiss flag.

Christianity, the three religions and the three drinks. Coffee for the Muslim, wine for the Christian, and tea of the Buddhist.

And was this produced in India?
This was made in Madras.
So it’s pre-Hanuman press?

Yes, but that’s how I met the press, which then published and printed the other books.

These are all drawings and watercolors?
No, some are drawings, some are paintings on tin, like the shop signs in Madras, which are painted on metal. These entire works have been kept together in Groningen, in a museum.
Is this a painting?
It’s a photograph of a painting. It only exists in this format.
Is this your very first book?
No, it’s the first book made in India. But I had already made two books in Italy. One with the architectural modifications,and another one with these drawings.
What prompted the architectural modifications?
Well, you know, I did go to architecture school. I didn’t take the last exam, [but] I did the entire thing.
[Reads out loud] “Printed by: Kalakashetra Publication and Press, Madras” So that’s where you did Hanuman, no?

Yes, exactly.

There’s a whole Hanuman revival at the moment.

Yes.

This is amazing. And the other one?
This is the catalogue of the Peter Brant exhibition and it includes the enormous watercolors that I made. See, these are gigantic, like 60 feet. I painted them in one scroll and then I cut them. And this is a collaboration with Allan Ginsberg.
What did you do with Salman Rushdie?
We made a book. He wrote a story for me. It’s called “In the South.” It’s really fun. It’s a story of two old men arguing about life. One hates life, and the other one loves life. They argue about the two points of view. We printed it when I hadthat exhibition in Naples. It was beautifully painted there, in my hometown.
What came first, the images or the text?

The text. I really understood what a great writer Salman was because every sentence was a picture. I mean, literally, every fucking sentence was an image.

So he produced images and you produced images, in your different ways.
We are very close. I’m going to see him tomorrow night. We have an anniversary gathering.
Is he okay now?
Yes. The anniversary of the stabbing – I think it’s genius. [laughs]
So, you did the letters but the sentences are from him?
Yes. With Ginsberg, the calligraphy was Ginsberg’s calligraphy. But in this case, it’s my calligraphy.
I had this great interview with Salman Rushdie and we were talking about archives. He was telling me about his archive of all his emails and all his letters and correspondence with the university. The whole challenge of that, because it’s very difficult today. In the past, it was easy because we had letters and now it’s all in email and WhatsApp and text. And when you send someone a letter now, it’s a different thing because with an email, you would never think of it being published. It’s complicated. He was saying that there need to be arrangements, that maybe for 50 years, they are not publicly accessible, but maybe later on. I learned a lot from him about archives. He is very interesting on archives. I mean, he’s interesting on everything.

Whenever I do correspond with him in writing, he really makes all the points as concise and non-literary as possible, just super factual.

Are there many more such books like this?

This is one that has never been reproduced. And there is the one with John Wieners. This is an art book with just religious posters and my drawings, back to back.

With Creeley, I made more than one book. That’s a very nice one, because it’s done with a beautiful printing process. Grenfell Press. Beautiful. Some of these are rare now. This is something I did with Gregory Corso, where he wrote a long long beautiful poem after these gold paintings. We made a vitrine with all the books.

So, in a way, this is the book about the books, but not yet completed.

Yeah, it would be so nice to do that.

Allen Ginsberg lived one happy year in a giant loft because of his archive. He sold it for what seemed an enormous price to some institution, I can’t remember which. And with the money, he finally got out of this tiny apartment onAvenue A and moved to a big loft. But then he died only a year later.

But he had one year.
He had one year in a nice loft. He died at the same age and from the same disease as his father.
The last thing I want to ask you about is architecture, because I’m really interested in this whole relation between art and architecture. I began my entire research to visit artists because of Vasari, because lots of artists loved architects. Now, our society is quite divided. But, at the same time, a lot of artists do architecture and a lot of architects do art. So it’s really interesting that you bridge, in a way, art and architecture. I saw your show at Mary Boone before she closed the gallery and it was very beautiful. So I want to ask you about architecture, because I didn’t find anything in your interviews or books about this relationship.
Well, nobody ever asked me, but also, maybe I don’t know the answer yet. [laughs] So, definitely, a relation must be there,but frankly, I don’t have the answer at this moment.
But, you did study architecture for four and a half years.
I did study, and I was in an architectural studio, working.
With whom did you work?
Just other students, we had a studio together. But they were older than me.
Were there architects who inspired you at that time?
Frank Lloyd Wright. That’s why I build furniture. When I came to New York, to me, he was like a mythological figure. And, all of a sudden, I realized I could actually live with his furniture. I couldn’t believe it. You know, they were giving it away when I came to New York. It was completely out of fashion.
It’s really beautiful, the furniture. So, Frank Lloyd Wright – what inspired you about him? The connection to nature?
Yeah. And the East. And this fantasy of America, which, you know, we have before we come to America.
And then you did this book with the architectural modifications. Can you talk about that?
The title was “Pierre Menard,” which is Borges’s story. Borges, at that moment, was also a big influence to me. The idea of everything being connected, in a way, with fictional identities, impersonating something or someone. Now, I don’t evenremember how the Pierre Menard short story works, but it inspired the idea that you can make these imperceptible changes and what the value of that is. The older photographers manipulated, too. These were the official portraits of ten iconic architectural buildings in the years of modernism, yet all the photographs were manipulated so that the proportion was slightly off, or changed. Everything I’ve made has to do a little bit with Chinese whispers. It’s based on the idea of miscommunicating.
But corrected architectures are never meant to be built, are they?

No, the idea was simply to test how flexible this is. Modernism is kind of inflexible. So it was a test to see, is it really so? Does it really have to be that way? I don’t trust in flexible.

Utopia is flexible.
Utopia is flexible, yeah.
The poet Eta Landmann wanted to be an architect in the beginning. Like you, she started in architecture, but she said as a woman in the 50s in Lebanon, she couldn’t become an architect, it was not allowed. But she always had this dream of designing her own house. So she made a plan, and it’s now being built posthumously, this house in Lebanon. So, I was wondering, based on your architecture background, if you ever had any architectural projects, like buildings you wanted to do? Your own studio, your own building, or anything else?

Yeah. I would like to have a nondenominational chapel, for sure. That’s totally up my alley. There are things in one’s lifethat are just dormant, and they have to be dormant, they have to be asleep until it’s time to wake up, you know?

That’s beautiful. So, almost like the Rothko chapel, not related to a religion…
No, not related to a religion. Because I’m not a Puritan and basically, my sensibility is not tied to the religions of the book. Because I prefer community-based sensibilities and perceptions and experience-based religious constructs. Notsomething that comes from the outside. So, if I was ever to make a non-denominational chapter, it would be the sum total of many religions rather than the absence of many religions.
Do you have drawings or sketches for this chapel?
No, no.
Everything I wish and desire, I don’t touch until I can get it.

I keep it in a confused and shadowy corner of the room, where I can’t really see the outlines.

But the piece which I saw at Mary Boone, “Standing with Truth,” was, in a way, the idea of a tent and an architecture. How did that happen?
Yes, completely. Yes, it is an architecture.
And how did that happen?
I adopted this particular shape as the perfect story that is up my alley. Because it’s a story of contamination in the sense that you find this shape in mandapams, like temples in southern India from the 17th century. You find a shape like that, but then you look at military tents of the British military in India and you find the same shape. So this is just a layering offorms, which lead to this particular form – which is a standard form – except I chose the measurements, but the structure is a standard structure that is used, let’s say in today’s India for weddings or for celebrations or with things like that.
And why is it called “Standing with Truth”?
This is from a beautiful poem by Kabir. He said something to the effect of I sit with truth, I stand with truth, and maybe Isleep or I lie down with truth. Basically, a reminder of the necessity for the correct gesture and for awareness in movement.
Was this the only time you ever did such an architectural structure, or have there been others?

No, it’s the only time, but I made six tents like this. With six different themes and titles. There is the “Museum Tent,”which contains self-portraits, and then there is the “Taking Refuge Tent,” and then there is the “Pepper Tent,” which was shown in the Kochi Biennale.

HUO: And then, of course, a link to architecture is when you do works in-situ. Like when you do a fresco on a building, or I suppose the permanent works.
Some great artists, they favor a very neutral presentation of their work. I don’t favor that. I pay great attention to where thepainting’s going to hang, how far from the floor it’s going to be, or how far from the other paintings it is going to be. I’m very keen. I tend to always be involved in the hanging of my exhibitions, and you may call that an architectural sensibility. I like for the space I’m in to look good. And to have a spontaneity about it and not to be tight.
And do you have any unrealized public art commissions like the 1%, the public art commission?
No. There is an intimacy about what I do. It really is not my register. I think the tents are a very exceptional event in mywork, because I think they do keep that quality. They’re tactile, they’re intimate, they’re soulful. When you enter into therealm of public commissions, it is extremely difficult to keep that quality in the work. I don’t think I’m capable of doing it.
Richter says: “Art is the highest form of hope.” Do you have a definition of art?
My definition?
I probably have like 20.
[laughs]
And your favorite?
Today will it be: “To witness continuity of discontinuity.”
“Art is to witness continuity of discontinuity.” Beautiful.
Yeah, for today.
I have this ongoing project on Instagram since twelve years ago to save handwriting. Every day, we post a handwritten note. Could you write this sentence?
Now? Sure!
Great. So I’m going to get my notebook. I’m going to photograph it and put it on Instagram and you can be part of the movement. Because it’s a great sentence, “the continuity of discontinuity.”
I have to think about this. I think I might draw art.
Yeah, whatever you want. It’s your quote.
Should I write, “Witness the continuity of discontinuity” or “Art is the continuity of discontinuity”?
Witness is beautiful.
[writes the sentence]
Thank you very much. It was such a magical meeting.
It’s fun to see each other, no?
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#PASSION: AUGMENTED IMAGINATION – IN CONVERSATION WITH SASHA STILES https://www.numeroberlin.de/2024/11/passion-augmented-imagination-in-conversation-with-sasha-stiles/ Tue, 12 Nov 2024 09:38:50 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=52584
Anika Meier: Sasha, we met online a few years ago and offline all over the world on several occasions connected to events around NFTs. I know a lot about your work and your background as a poet, writer, and AI researcher. I do not know what you are passionate about outside of your work life. What are you passionate about that is not connected to your work?

Sasha Stiles: I don’t know that I have any passions that are disconnected from my work. When I’m passionate about something, it burns at least until it finds its way into a project or a piece. I’ve always been passionate about what I do.
I’m married to my creative partner, my music partner, for a reason. I don’t want days off, nights off, I don’t want work-life balance, I don’t think I know how to do anything that means something to me in an even-keeled way. I never want to work on anything I can easily shelve or compartmentalize. When I make art, it’s because some new or abiding obsession is setting my brain and body on fire, and the only thing that lets me get on with my life is externalizing it to some degree in a poem or a painting or sketch. That’s why I started writing and drawing when I was a kid.

When I’m in the throes of a pregnant thought, it’s all-consuming, inescapable. Poetry is the only relief. Art is the only relief.
Kids draw and write, but not all kids pursue a career as a writer and/or an artist. When did you know you wanted to be a writer?

It’s less that I wanted to be a writer, and more that I fell in love with language. Language and books and reading. The kind of love that makes everything else feel trivial. I was a classic bookworm, reading under the blankets with a flashlight, walking down the street with my nose in a book. I was obsessed with how text on a page can transport me into a different realm, how I can be in multiple places at once, how I can be many different people at the same time. How words can augment our reality. I think I have always revered books for these reasons.
I grew up in a house full of books – not just kids’ books, but my parents’ books, the books they’d carried with them throughout their lives, loaded with notes and dog-eared pages, their research books for work.

It was obvious to me at a very young age that books are magic, powerful, and sacred and dangerous and transformative.

I must have begun absorbing and intuiting that fact even before I knew how to read. So many of the books in my library now have been around for decades, some much longer than that, and to me, they’re a perfect technology, and such exquisite, talismanic artworks.
Before I knew how to write in any serious way, one of my favorite activities was constructing little handmade books, playing with paper and tape and pens to design rudimentary booklets and pamphlets and scrolls. I’ve been fascinated by the materiality of language for as long as I can remember – not just the words themselves, but the devices: font, format, paper, ink, the machinery of presses and moveable type. I’ve been collecting, or maybe hoarding, stationery and writing instruments forever, too: feather quills, bamboo reeds, calligraphy brushes, fragile leaves of gilt origami, handmade flower-seeded notecards, smooth sheets of vellum, palm stones ideal for inscription. When I walk through art museums or galleries, I’ve always tended to gravitate toward text-based art. When I flip through magazines, I’m always studying typography and design. I love to work with words in so many ways.
All of which is to say that I knew very early on I was a writer – not that I wanted to become one, but that I was one – and yet I didn’t really understand what kind of writer I was. I didn’t have a role model for all that I was interested in, exactly what I wanted to do. It’s taken me a bit longer to figure that part out.

A scene from Gilmore Girls just came to my mind. Rory carries books with her for every occasion in her backpack: 2 bus books and a lunch book; a biography, a novel, short stories, and an essay. In case she doesn’t feel like reading about another person’s life, she reads the novel, for example. I never leave the house without a book. In school, I read Herman Hesse during pauses and didn’t play with the other kids. Is there a book you read as a kid or a young adult that has never left you and fuels you?

I took Latin in grade school, and my favorite part of those classes was translating the work of Catullus, the Roman lyric poet who was born c. 84 BCE. I will never forget first encountering Catullus 85, a short gut-punch of a poem about the speaker’s conflicting feelings for his lover:

Ōdī et amō. Quārē id faciam fortasse requīris.
Nesciŏ, sed fierī sentiō et excrucior.

Its famous opening salvo, “Odi et amo,” translates to “I hate and I love.” The speaker can’t rationalize the conflicting emotions, but feels them simultaneously, nonetheless. This poem invaded me, stalked me. I’ve come back to it over and over and try to improve my own translations of it. I’ve studied its compression, the expanse of human experience bursting from such a terse, finely wrought elegiac couplet. How a handful of words in classical meter can burn with such contemporary intensity, reach right through space and time. This ancient text has taught me so much about poetry as a device for the poet’s immortality, the preservation of voice and emotion, language as a way to keep one’s love alive forever.

Your path has led you from reading ancient poetry and learning Latin to working with AI as a creative partner and releasing poetry on the blockchain. When did technology come into your life as a creative tool?

I was born into the rise of personal computing, and grew up as the internet was arriving in our lives. Technology is always evolving and advancing, of course, but the last few decades have had a particularly profound impact on what it means to be human. When I was young, we had one shared family computer. When it was my turn, I loved playing games and making art with MacPaint. I wrote school essays in longhand, sometimes on my dad’s electric typewriter, and spoke to friends on one of those translucent Unisonic landline phones. Dial-up AOL was the coolest thing ever. When I went on my first trips abroad, I didn’t have a mobile to take with me. So many elements of my childhood are incongruous with the human I am today.
You asked earlier about formative books. As a kid, I read a lot of science fiction, a lot of dystopian literature, and also a lot of nonfiction about the big questions, like Cosmos and A Brief History of Time. I spent a lot of time sensing the world shift beneath my feet, wondering what might happen next. I was an undergrad at Harvard when Mark Zuckerberg was on campus, creating the earliest versions of Facebook. A little later, when I went to do my graduate degree at Oxford, I was asked to become a columnist for a general interest magazine; I pitched a column on our relationship to technology, the human experience of adapting to new tools. I wrote about the intimacy of a laptop burning the tops of my thighs, the eeriness of a dark room illuminated by blinking modems, the primal campfire-like glow of a hushed, expectant computer screen. I wrote about being at school an ocean away from my family and friends, undersea cables tethering me via instant messages to my long-distance boyfriend. I wrote, too, about ancient automata and mythic prognostications about human humility, and about the epidemic of neurasthenia, a nervous disorder, occasioned by the industrial revolution – severe stress triggered by life’s increasingly fast pace, the body and mind’s reaction to the tools we invent.
Over time, I went deeper into research on emerging technologies and speculative futures, transhumanism and posthumanism, artificial intelligence, the science of life extension, the quest for digital immortality. I started to realize that perhaps my writing ought to advance and evolve, too, from a more conventional approach to something that would more accurately embody and reflect and enable me to grapple with present realities. Why was I limiting myself to writing poems in Microsoft Word and publishing them as static pages in traditional literary journals when I could bring them to life via myriad software and hardware options, as next-gen moveable type? But, also – is printed text really so analog? The earliest known human poet, the Sumerian high priestess Enheduanna, is thought to have invented the book form when she gathered her temple hymns in a collection and signed her name to it, writing “What I’ve created has never before existed.” That’s an astonishing technological innovation.
My research took me far back in time as well as into the deep future. It led me down some really intriguing rabbit holes, into the realms of code poetry and electronic literature and AI-powered natural language processing, and opened my eyes to a whole host of poetic devices and techniques that I had never come across in any formal poetry workshop or venerated literary anthology. Even when I arrived on the blockchain and found a small cohort of tech-savvy writers there, no one was doing what I was doing. It has been great fun to introduce many of my peers to the creative possibilities and philosophical quandaries of technologies like large language models and text to image.
The short answer is that I started writing with AI in 2018, and making multimedia poems years prior to that; but it was much earlier experiences thinking through the human-machine dynamic, the personal journey of coming of age alongside the internet and social media and smartphones, an abiding interest in what’s at stake for humanity, that laid foundations for the work I’m doing today.

Thinking about AI and the fast-paced advances in the field, what is at stake for humanity? I remember reading the headline in the New York Times about a year ago, in May 2023, saying, “AI Poses ‘Risk of Extinction,’ Industry Leaders Warn.” The subtitle reads, “Leaders from OpenAI, Google DeepMind, Anthropic and other AI labs warn that future systems could be as deadly as pandemics and nuclear weapons.”

My work is very much about the promise and peril of technology, the likelihood that where we’re headed with intelligent systems is an evolution past the human into the posthuman, the more than human. The title of my book, Technelegy, is literally a collision of the exhilaration of technology with fear, lamentation, elegy.
The long poem, “COMPLETION: Are you ready for the future?”, an artifact of the GPT-2 era, is a litany of AI-powered outputs that cycle through cliche, political extremism, pornography, misogyny and other nonsense in search of poetry. We (Technelegy and I) wrote this poem before there were such chaste, diplomatic guardrails in place, as we now see with ChatGPT, for instance, and it evokes both the astonishing capabilities of machine learning along with the human violences and inequities embedded deep within the systems we’re using to make pretty art and proficient text. I’ve been thinking a lot about this work and the disturbing material that came up during the writing process in light of the upcoming US elections. I don’t know that we are at all prepared for the scale of generative disinformation.
A work like “Daughter of E.V.E. [Ex-Vivo Uterine Environment]” mashes up my own conflicted maternal longings with the imminent rise of artificial human wombs, and speculates in a personal but also universal way on the fate of womanhood and humanity in this probable scenario. If we begin to replicate via external wombs rather than procreate “as nature intended,” is that our demise, our extinction, or does it take us somewhere better, the way modern medicine has made pregnancy safer and more transparent? What will happen to future versions of AI systems as they begin to ingest more and more synthetic material, as the warm-blooded human samples dwindle in percentage and vast new generations of data are born? What then? In my book, I write that we are “the ancient earthlings” – not extinct, perhaps, but outmoded, obsolesced by our deep interstellar descendants.
My AI epic narrative “BINA48 in the Garden” – a love poem written from the point of view of a proto-sentient being, and translated into the transhuman by Technelegy – is about the desire for humans and machines to better understand one another, to converge on some kind of cybernetic enlightenment that can help us move past the sorry state of the world we seem to be in right now, but is very much grounded in the terror and danger of misuse, abuse, myopic ignorance. Will the preservation of our loved ones via neural networks and android bodies bring us comfort, or cast us into a permanent state of grief? Will we realize the potential of AI to ease the pandemic of loneliness, to amplify and optimize the work of carers and educators, or will we wind up subjugating it to banal purposes, powering turbocharged customer service chatbots and robotic factories churning out more and more junk? Will we figure out how to leverage its abilities to transcend limits in human communication and foster greater empathy, or will we put it to work devising ways to wage war and conquer enemies? When I saw the film Oppenheimer recently, I could not stop thinking about its lessons for the moment we are in.
Before I wrote Technelegy, I wrote a manuscript called American Nervousness, after an essay by the doctor George Miller Beard, and this manuscript investigated how technologies throughout history have inflicted suffering on contemporaries, a kind of present sacrifice for future generations. I think anyone who has actually read or listened to my poems senses a deeply sober, melancholic core under the wordplay, an acknowledgement that it is all-too-human to be replaced by an upgraded version of oneself. It’s technological advances that have made us more and more human over time: cooking with fire rewired our biology, inventing written language allowed us to offload data storage, the industrial revolution sparked urban life as we now know it. There is nothing more human than technology. But AI is a very different kind of technology than anything we’ve created before, in terms of its speed and scale and power.

The question is whether we evolve into an AI-powered posthumanity that fuses the best of human impulses and imagination with these extraordinary new capabilities to solve intractable problems and realize a more enlightened mode of human nature, or devolve because we are too ignorant, arrogant, self-centered to admit that our humanity is rooted in growth and change.
You are passionate about reading, writing, and learning to work with new technologies. You are part of a collective of poets called theVERSEverse, your partners are Ana María Caballero, and Kalen Iwamoto, both artists also working with AI. Your writing partner is called “Technelegy”; it’s your alter ego, an always-evolving AI poet (aka custom text generator) powered by deep learning language models including GPT-2 and GPT-3, fine-tuned by you on your own poetry and extensive research materials. What’s the difference between working with humans as passionate as yourself and an AI you keep training?

In summer 2021, I published a collection of AI-powered, media-rich poems via a formative project called Etherpoems. That’s when Kalen and I met Ana Maria. Kalen had previously founded the CryptoWriters collective, and we had been discussing the creation of a blockchain-based language art publication with our friends James Yu (founder of Sudowrite) and the brilliant artist aurèce vettier. All roads led to theVERSEverse, which we launched in November 2021, the same month that Technelegy was published in the UK, and for our inaugural collection, I contributed several pieces adapted from the book. I was the only one of us three co-founders working with AI, but Ana Maria and Kalen were intrigued by my AI-powered works, and we decided to carve out a dedicated space for generative poetry experiments. Our art advisor, Gisel Florez, was particularly fascinated; she and I collaborated on what became Series 1 of an ongoing project called GenText, in which AI art is paired with AI poetry, and in fact it is one of these pieces – “Flower-Colored Light” – that was the first work we ever sold at theVERSEverse.
The support of my partners at theVERSEverse for my AI poetry early on was quite different from what I had experienced in the traditional poetry community, which wasn’t very receptive to this work. For that reason, I encouraged a data poet friend of mine, Ross Goodwin, one of the pioneers of AI language, to come join us on the blockchain so we could all collaborate. The AI projects we’ve developed since – from VERSA, our emergent semi-autonomous poet trained on the writings of all the human poets, to AFTER GINSBERG, a project in partnership with the Allen Ginsberg Estate that asks whether AI tools can help us not just become better writers but better readers and lovers of literature – owe a lot to Ross and of course to Technelegy.
There are the obvious differences between working with humans and machines, but there are also so many similarities in working with passionate humans and emergent AI. Passionate humans are sponges for information; they absorb inspiration from everyone and everything around them, they are hungry to learn and discover and understand new things. They are energized as though by electricity. They ingest ideas and texts and art and examples and then it all collides with unique experiences and personal journeys to become their own art. This is why I find it so urgent to address the kneejerk hostility toward AI’s “unoriginality,” its “inauthenticity.”

In a real way, AI is hyperhuman, doing what we are naturally inclined to do, to the nth degree, absorbing and ingesting and parsing and processing tons of human data so that it can offer us back a useful or unexpected way to understand ourselves and the world around us.

No passionate human has ever created an original work of art or literature alone. What we create has everything to do with our communities and the books we’ve read and movies we’ve watched and people we’ve talked to and museums we’ve visited and video games we’ve played and friends who’ve inspired us, though it is hard for some humans to acknowledge that fact.

What would need to happen for the conversation about AI to change?

The phrase “artificial intelligence,” for a start. “Artificial” is a loaded word, and the term AI has become so overused and misused that it’s hard to hear without cringing. I prefer to think about it more as an Augmented Imagination, some kind of prosthesis I can strap onto my brain when I need to or want to go beyond the limits of my own human creativity.
Hands-on experience is one way to shift the conversation. I find that a lot of hostility towards AI comes from lack of knowledge or experience, driven by popular dystopian narratives, which of course are rooted in real concerns. Getting to experiment with these tools in meaningful ways is often mind-opening and empowering; it becomes apparent both how capable and how versatile, how variable, how personalized they can be. How inspiring they can be. Most of the artists I know use off-the-shelf, no-code AI interfaces, but even these unlock new creative dimensions and spark novel ideas and approaches.
Discourse around AI in general tends to emphasize how unprecedented it is, how game-changing it is, how nothing will ever be the same. And that’s true. But what I want to hear more smart people discuss is how AI extends fundamental human impulses: to preserve and transmit information across generations and geographies, to build great libraries, to think and learn by engaging in Socratic dialogue (because isn’t that what ChatGPT is all about?), to foster connections, to recognize patterns, to solve hard problems, to remember what we care about most. And the intersection of blockchain and AI is needed to enable the kinds of protocols and systems and intrastructures by which individuals and groups can contribute to large arrays of data, help train models, help others create, and be fairly compensated.
Any transformation for the good of the creative economy will be fueled by optimism and passionate vision, but grounded always in the realities, the complexities, the logistics, the daily work. We need to figure out how to move past the blinding lust of ambition, the breathless jargon, the first mad rush of infatuation, this obsession with being the first, the biggest, the one who wins it all, and start taking the perhaps less exciting but extremely urgent steps necessary to keep humanity’s long-term relationship with technology going strong.

Thank you, dear Sasha, for the passionate conversation!
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#PASSION: “I LIKE THE IDEA OF BRINGING CHILLS TO THE BODY” – IN CONVERSATION WITH TAÍNA CRUZ https://www.numeroberlin.de/2024/11/passion-i-like-the-idea-of-bringing-chills-to-the-body-in-conversation-with-taina-cruz/ Mon, 11 Nov 2024 11:51:10 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=53522 The work of the American interdisciplinary artist and archivist Taína Cruz speaks loudly, to each other, to her, and to its audience.

By creating profound dialogues, she not only continues a family storytelling, but also addresses topics such as mysticism, generational trauma and colonialism. Between paintings, sculptures and 3D animation, she searches for new meanings in indigenous wisdom, using a lot of satire-horror elements. Having studied sculpture in Baltimore, she began painting after relocating to Chicago. Last fall, during Gallery Weekend, she had her first solo show in Berlin. Now, the 28-year-old is back in school to explore and improve her practices.

Taína is in her studio when she answers my videocall with this positive, almost childlike energy – something that her dog also possesses. At times, he jumps into the frame, as if he wants to contribute. A (passionate) conversation about historical lines, horror movies, and the power in playing tricks.

Sina Braetz: How is school going, Taína?

Taína Cruz: It’s going well. I’m taking great advantage of the studio visits; we have about four in a week with the faculty and it is really important for me to get their feedback, especially considering that with a solo studio practice, you don’t really get that much of critical feedback. Also, being in a cohort of really talented artists is great, too, you just feel how everyone is so dedicated to their practice.

You grew up in New York, what are your most profound memories of that time?
The whole city was like a playground for us. New York was definitely a big influence on me and my art. My parents were artists, too; they met at FIT (Fashion Institute of Technology), both worked in the design and garment industry. New York really combined a lot of the arts and music and fashion so I grew up with all that exposure; it was so nourishing and fulfilling to know that I, too, could position myself in a world of entertainment. I really had a lot of fun growing up, but I also saw the ups and downs of the city – it was so loud and the exposure was always in your face.
How did you experience the magical piece of culture in Harlem?

Harlem is a very storytelling area; you get a chance to form a community around those who really have generational wisdom and knowledge. And that’s something that has really stuck with me throughout the years. I think those who have seen my work at an early stage were just people in my community and neighborhood; building those long lasting relationships was super helpful for me. It was a tight community, but at the same time, you don’t know everyone. That leaves a nice mystery of what it is that you know and what you don’t know. Also, Harlem is a place that is ever changing, nothing is ever static.

How do you see the concept of exclusivity versus inclusivity?
I am really appreciative of having had a good education and nurturing environment to become a good artist. My family wanted me to continue the family storytelling, so I found myself in that role of maintaining family secrets and wisdoms. I just needed to find whatever possible way to obtain it. My work tends to have a lot of style and I think that is due to that type of exposure – seeing very wealthy, elite spaces and noticing what kind of interactions happen in those spaces and seeing that comparative to the city that has these very strict boundaries of high class, low class and middle class areas. The city really makes it so apparent who has money and who doesn’t; you can go from one block to the next and see those great disparities. My dad lives in the Bronx and it is one of the only boroughs that hasn’t really gone through major gentrification. It contains an intense amount of history; it can still be found within the building structures or the abandoned properties. I went to school in Brooklyn Heights, which is a really nice area, but on the train ride home to my dad in the Bronx, I always saw those great separations. I just spent my time documenting and sketching in my journal.
I learned how to just talk to everyone no matter what, so that I can be that well-rounded person who can exist in multiple spaces.
When did you start using the internet as a tool for your work?

I have to say that the internet was really substantial, the online communities were really flourishing back then, a sense of social presence and community building was starting to form. I realized that at a very early age and have kept that with me always. The internet has totally changed my psyche, for better or for worse, in terms of what is to be expected and not – this is what my work talks about. You think you may understand the painting, but really, there’s just so much more to say about it.

So many layers to explore! Do you still use the internet as a direct source for your work?

The internet has always been like a second tool for me. I definitely use it less while I’m at school; maybe it’s just because I don’t have the same luxury or leisure time to surf the web anymore, so I am using my sketchbook now a lot lately. I still use Photoshop heavily, a tool they taught us in elementary school. It definitely has allowed me to use it more intuitively. If I need to change a background, a color shift or a body, this idea of manipulation is easier for me to do with digital tools.

How do you approach the use of different media to express your vision the best?

Lately, I’m trying to think about the ways in which the painting can be sculptural and I have a really fun time exploring that space. The past months in school, I have been thinking about an installation work that utilizes all five senses to its fullest capacity, so I can potentially just activate paintings to a more ephemeral quality. In general, I look at my work in the long term, like 50 years down the road, 100 years – what do I want to be shown? I ask myself that question constantly; I believe that there needs to be an accumulation of objects with painting and video and sound.

Do you look at it as a historical line?

Absolutely. Right now, it still feels like a small piece compared to the big vision.

You have family from Puerto Rico and North Carolina as well. In your work “Woodland Sermon,” you explored African American and Puerto Rican folklore and ritual traditions in their present-day manifestations. What made you create this body of work?
My dad’s family is from Puerto Rico but since generations, he’s also in New York. It means a lot to me to have my connection to the island, especially since my name means “the first people in the Caribbean.” My parents knew what they were doing. My mom’s family is from the South – North Carolina, Washington DC, Maryland area, which shaped what the South means to me. Going there in the summertime and spending months in North Carolina, then immediately coming back to the city, made me recognize so many similarities but also just huge differences. I mean, obviously, in the city, you can’t really run in the middle of the woods at midnight under a full moon, but the South gave me those experiences. When I immediately returned to the skyscrapers, I had these very gigantic, impactful visuals in my head that have stuck with me for a long time.
Beautiful. Apart from all of that, there is also lots of darkness in your work. You use horror movie elements in your work a lot; what is the conversation you are trying to create by that?

This definitely is a huge overall theme – horror movie elements allow people to find an easy entry point to my work and it is a useful tool to describe something quickly, at least for now. It’s a way of having a conversation that many people will understand: People know what a witch, an elf or a vampire looks like, it is about world building, whether that’s internally or externally. I am definitely thankful for these horror movie creatures and characters within my overall interest; they also never scare me, my work really isn’t scary at all. I rather find it amusing to be like, “Oh, this is just everyday life, this is just a common, mundane experience.” I like the idea of bringing chills to the body. Horror movies definitely evoke a sensorial experience in the human body and I want my work to bring forth those immediate emotional responses and reactivity. Comedy is a great tool, too. I think it all provides healing.

In which way?
I’ve witnessed the truth of fantasy, magical realism, or tropes and ideas. My experiences have been very horrific, but at the same time, I found them to be very “movie-like horrific.” Capturing those moments was serious to me, but then I also had a different thought on this that allowed me to see a lot of fun in it, too, and many other emotions besides being scared.
The unknown is inherently scary to us, and there’s so much that we don’t know in the world; I am just burning with this wanting to know more about it.
With this new issue, we explore the nature of “passion.” What does the word passion evoke inside of you, what does passion mean to you?
I’m a very emotional person, it feels like wanting to talk about the moon and stars, but the stars really have aligned me to be this passionate, emotional person, especially when I have something presented to me that I know I could talk about or feel I could contribute. I see that within the work and that has allowed me to be very expression-based regarding my practice in general. And then, at times, I find it also to be a hindrance when I need to do something a little bit more specific, so I have to shift to a medium that allows me to be flowy.
Passion really is about finding those mundane moments of walking your dog or making breakfast, trying to find some silent moments; I think this increases longevity.

I am actively working my way through this constantly, it is like an everyday meditative process of how to just find passion even in the extreme, dark, slow, mundane times.

So, passion for you is something rather light as opposed to a potential source of destruction?

Yes, but there certainly is a thing of having too much passion, whether that’s by external or internal forces. We just have to know how to actively think about ourselves and our bodies and what works best for us. This takes a long time and probably we’ll never really understand what that means. I think at least knowing myself, I do realize the areas in which I am very inclined to feel passionate about creating something versus when I don’t. And it’s really how do I navigate those feelings, how to properly hear myself out so I can make the best work possible, no matter what, even if that’s going to take me until my deathbed. I strive towards that goal endlessly and I think that’s a very romantic way of living.

You referred to a meditative ritual of passion, something that can be a source of creativity in everyday moments. Is there a specific spiritual ritual that you use for yourself?

I do have many rituals to train and cherish the self. I do a lot of active breathing exercises to even invoke that feeling of passion – I use the breath to really reach these altered states of emotions and consciousness. I love to think about the body as a tool to enhance and build life.

In your work, “How to breathe ecstasy,” you talk about entering a state of joy and extending dimensional experiences just through breathing. As we find ourselves within a big trend of psychedelics, do you think there is a bigger shift of consciousness happening in our society?

I’m taking a lot of classes right now that deal with psychedelics as well. I think we just all love to basically hear about ourselves to really figure out our true human nature and psychedelics can be a great entry point. For me, it is a lot about lived experiences and growing up in a big city. You meet so many different characters who just migrated from various parts around the world and you learn how to interact with so many characters. I’m finding those characters to be very fulfilling in my storytelling – the Upper East Side ladies or the Upper West Side families, the Wall Street people, they all have very distinct personalities. They nourish my art, but when I go into the studio, I enter a moment of pure silence. I just need my very own thoughts to create something. I think people are often afraid of silence since they will be hearing many of their own thoughts and, as we all know, at times, thoughts can play tricks on us. I think I like to play a trick on the viewers with my work.

How do you play a trick on them?
Even within my portraitures, I like the feeling of uneasiness sometimes. I think there is an uneasiness about a person making jokes in front of an audience and you know that this person is either going to survive or be killed. There is a parallel to my work, too. I find enjoyment out of that state of suspense that I place myself in – anticipating the people’s reaction to my work. Also, playing that trick on me represents the idea of trying not to reveal too much all at once, but to leave some areas of abstraction that takes away some clarity.
So, how much reality do you really reveal in your work?

I like creating works that have a dialogue with each other. Sometimes, I don’t even understand that dialogue; other times, it reveals things I would write into my journal that I don’t necessarily want to be revealed. Knowing how to work with the digital space and that sense of worldbuilding, of 3D animating a fantasy world, I also more and more love to connect this part with the physical painting world.

Do you have an absolute dream project you’d like to realize at some point?

I feel like any time I make a sculpture, it is a dream project since it requires a few specific working circumstances that make you be less flexible. I also love kinetics and machinery, to create sculptures that move and activate them, give them humanistic movements – a machine, for example, that can breathe. My big dream is to work with an engineer instead of DIY’ing my own motor with a battery. I would love to work with a professional engineer on a large scale moving object from a video or a painting that I’ve made.

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#PASSION: ECSTATIC TRUTHS – WERNER HERZOG’S CINEMA OF OBSESSION https://www.numeroberlin.de/2024/11/passion-ecstatic-truths-werner-herzogs-cinema-of-obsession/ Wed, 06 Nov 2024 09:00:13 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=52594
The image captures a man, facing away from the camera. He is standing on a large, rock outcrop, amid autumnal woodland at the base of a tall, powerful waterfall, one leg bent slightly in front of himself.

The camera holds its position for a while, as cascades of foaming white water crash with violence into the pool at the very bottom of the falls, creating whorls and vortexes of evident power. For a moment, we are invited to be hypnotized by the rhythms of the water, to consider the spectacle as the man in the frame may be considering it. All the while, the constant flow of water creates an illusion of permanence through its unrelenting movement and flux. You never, as the saying goes, step in the same river twice.

In the next scene, the man faces the camera, explaining that this waterfall was his favorite place to come as a child. He is elderly, with an almost bald head, pronounced facial features, and searching eyes set deeply within his head, behind wrinkled and slightly drooping eyelids. I believe, he tells us, that we all have a landscape of the soul. This waterfall is the landscape of mine. The interviewer, standing out of shot behind the camera, asks where the waterfall comes from, where the river’s source is to be found. The man says that he doesn’t know. He never ventured to the top of the falls and beyond, never followed the river to the source. He says that he does not want to find out.

The scenes described here are taken from a new documentary entitled Werner Herzog: Radical Dreamer, about the life and work of the famed German filmmaker. The man at the waterfall is, of course, Herzog himself. Now 81, Herzog is perhaps the most well-known living German filmmaker, having directed more than 60 feature films and documentaries (though he does not like to distinguish between the two). In the English-speaking world, Herzog is above all a recognizable voice. His distinctive, hyperbolic yet unadorned use of the English language, not to mention his unique Bavarian accent, have garnered him many fans, alongside plentiful cameos and voiceover roles in series and films as varied as The Mandalorian and The Simpsons.

Today, if he is known for any of his films, it is likely to be his documentaries, of which 2005’s Grizzly Man, the film that garnered him widespread recognition and acclaim in the United States beyond cinephile circles, is perhaps the most well-known. However, Herzog made his first film, Signs of Life, in 1968. Alongside Werner Rainer Fassbinder, Wim Wenders and Volker Schlöndorff, he was at the vanguard of the New German Cinema movement of the 1960s and 70s, and many of his most enduring works – both documentary and fiction – were made in that time. Early in his career, Herzog had a more or less permanent fixation on obsessive, driven characters, explored particularly through films such as Aguirre, the Wrath of God and Fitzcarraldo. These characters have been a feature of his cinema ever since; whether real individuals or fictional characters based upon them, Herzogian protagonists usually share an unshakeable belief in the importance and necessity of their own ambitions. Many have pointed out that they are also, usually, a cipher for Herzog himself.

Though his films have taken him to some of the wildest reaches of the globe, from Antarctica to the depths of the Amazon Rainforest and into the Sahara Desert, like some other great directors (for instance, Yasujirō Ozu), in many ways, Herzog makes the same film each time he picks up a camera. Across a wild diversity of time, space and subject, he searches for the same stories, the same characters, all of whom are driven by something within them to take on things that few others would contemplate. He is attracted above all to the extremities of human experience, human desire and human folly.

Herzog is a gifted raconteur, with a talent for self-mythologization and the creation of mystique. There are so many scarcely-believable anecdotes about him that it is difficult to keep track of them all. Who else could possibly have been shot while recording an interview for British television, cooked and eaten an entire shoe, or have – allegedly – directed a leading actor while pointing a loaded gun at him? If nothing else, the man is acutely aware of the potency of his brand. Werner Herzog: Radical Dreamer demonstrates that, despite his proclivity for reliably droll, pessimistic statements and affected, deadpan persona, Herzog is an intensely private man. The documentary is a sensitive and sympathetic, though undoubtedly partial portrait, which gives us little real insight into who Werner Herzog actually is beyond what might be read on Wikipedia. It has the air of an authorized biography, focusing on his filmography and some of the more well-trodden tales from his famously chaotic film shoots, at the expense of asking any probing questions about himself, his worldview, or his filmmaking philosophy. For a portrait of a filmmaker who explicitly positions himself as a thinker, and whose thoughts, musings and theses are at the very heart of all of his films, this is a grave shortcoming.

The closest the film travels toward an understanding of how Herzog thinks about the world is, perhaps, the scene at the waterfall. As ever, Herzog speaks poetically, almost in riddles. The waterfall is located in woodland close to the village of Sachrang in the Bavarian Alps, where Herzog moved along with his family after being bombed out of Munich during World War II. We learn a little, before we arrive at the falls, about the privations of wartime, the hunger that the family endured when the weekly rations of bread inevitably ran out early, and the alienation that Herzog, an urban child, felt in this strange, archaic and beautiful landscape. In a particularly touching scene, he visits the building in which he was housed during this period. He peers in through the window, and points to where the kitchen used to be. He says that he does not wish to go inside, wiping a tear from his face. These are not, he says, perhaps a little unconvincingly, tears of emotion.

Born in 1942, Herzog’s childhood years were the years of National Socialism, of Hitler, and the unspeakable horrors perpetrated by Germany during World War II. This was the time that made the man, the darkest hour of Europe’s history. If Herzog is often described as a philosophical pessimist, it might be these life experiences that sowed these seeds. He talks often of the chaotic indifference of the cosmos, of the natural state of murder and death that permeates the natural world and, perhaps, our own drives and desires. The film does not explicitly draw connections between the world of Herzog’s birth and the way he talks about the universe, but it does not have to do so. This was the world as he found it.

We learn that around the same time, during his years in the Alps, Herzog wished to be a ski jumper, the beginning of another of his career obsessions: the capacity for human flight. At least three of his films, The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner, Little Dieter Needs to Fly, and Rescue Dawn, have been about men obsessed with flying in one way or another. In a typically Herzogian turn of phrase, he tells us that it is ‘a great injustice of nature’ that he was not to become an athlete, in the same way that it is an injustice of nature ‘that man does not have wings.’ It is as though he is telling us that the only limits that constrain him are those of biology, and that he is suspicious even of these. His studies of those who have tried to transcend this biology suggest that he, too, believes in that capacity for an emotional transcendence of physical limitation.

This fundamentally hopeful belief, this force of will, stands in contradiction to the pessimism that he so often and eloquently describes, and it is this belief that ultimately holds the key to understanding his worldview. Herzog’s most poignant film, Land of Silence and Darkness, is a documentary about deafblindness, centered on a woman called Fini Straubinger, who became deafblind as a teenager. Herzog is concerned with how such people find meaning and find community when the two most vital means of sensing and interpreting the world around us are impaired. What is perhaps most surprising about the film, is the meaning and community that its subjects are able to find through their own persistence, ingenuity, compassion and mutual aid. It takes a grave subject and creates something touching, and ultimately full of hope.

At the waterfall, Herzog strikes a pose not unlike the Wanderer above the Sea of Fog in Caspar David Friedrich’s famous painting. Herzog has a complicated relationship with German Romanticism and has openly bristled when critics have drawn parallels between his work and the 19th century movement. He has said that German Romanticism and German Expressionism are the only two aesthetic schools that anyone outside of Germany can think of when they consider German art. He believes himself indebted to neither, but perhaps in his quest to present himself as truly sui generis, he doth protest too much. There are evident traces of each school’s philosophy to be found throughout this work, forming part of his intellectual and artistic DNA. Herzog has said that his visual language is informed by a desire to express the dreamscapes of his characters, and he has an uncanny and strikingly potent ability to render familiar landscapes eerie, ecstatic, unsettling and full of awe. While this may not be capital-E Expressionism, it is undoubtedly influenced by the expressionistic desire to externalize and visualize deeply-held emotions as well as subconscious desires.

These dreamscapes are also landscapes, and they point toward the importance that Herzog invests in a particular idea of nature, an approach to the natural world not unlike that of the Romantic movement from which he has attempted to distance himself. The opening sequence of Aguirre, the Wrath of God, the film that made his name internationally, demonstrates this idea of the natural world very well. In the scene, we see a group of Spanish conquistadors and their indigenous guides traversing an impossibly steep mountain path through the clouded forests of the Andes, marching down from the high mountains toward the Amazon basin. The visual power of the images is hard to overstate, especially given the film’s minimal budget and chaotic production. The astonishing depth of field captured in the images, and the interaction between the snaking train of human beings and the vastness of the landscape through which they are moving, is a profoundly moving sight. It is as though the viewer is witnessing documentary footage of the actual journey that was made, through some feat of magic, back in the 16th century. The familiar tropes of cinematic landscapes are not present, the framing and composition are at once arresting and disquieting. It feels uncomfortably real.

The monumentality of the natural world, its force and severity, and its indifference to the miniscule people attempting to conquer and subdue it, give the viewer a palpable sense of the awesome power Herzog attributes to nature and the respect he has for its transformative, transcendental potential.
In his filmmaking, he is constantly gesturing towards something close to the Sublime, something that cannot be reached but can be approximated, much like truth itself.

At the same time, these images are also the first indication that the film is a record of and commentary upon its own creation. The sheer novelty and beauty of the shot begs the question of precisely how Herzog was able to capture it. As Aguirre continues, there are many more images that not only beg the question of how, but also why? We see whole rafts of people floating downstream on fast flowing Amazonian rapids, dashed against rocks, traipsing through the densest jungle. Much like the titular character Aguirre, adrift down the Amazon, on a cursed and fateful mission to find a mythical city of gold, we are given a sense of the hardships, the privations and the unbelievable challenges overcome by Herzog to make this film, to the extent that we might reasonably ask: Why on earth did he bother? There is no straightforward answer, but Herzog’s films stand clearly as monuments to obsession: not simply to the obsessions of his characters, but of his own passions, his own drive, his own unceasing will. His films are not simply works of sympathy, but often works of empathy. He is interested, above all, in understanding what it must have been like to be a particular individual in a particular situation, facing an extreme of human experience. To that end, his productions have often mirrored the hardships of the people that he has sought to portray on screen. Consciously or otherwise, he has an interest in creating something under extreme circumstances, in overcoming something gargantuan. In Fitzcarraldo, a steamboat is transported over a mountain to reach the Amazon basin. To film this feat, Herzog recreated the undertaking without special effects, deploying the crew to drag a 320-ton ship up the side of a steep hill.

The frequently troubled productions of Herzog’s films reflect both their subject matter and the personality of their maker, but they also reflect his obsession with obsession itself, his desire to be close to this extremity and observe it intellectually, even as he subjects himself and those around him to the same thing. Herzog frequently collaborated with the infamously volatile (and now disgraced) actor Klaus Kinski on many of his most famous films, including both Aguirre and Fitzcarraldo. Kinski’s rage and violent behavior on Herzog’s sets has become legendary, with extensive footage and sound recordings of his instability. In the documentary, Herzog describes his approach to working with someone so volatile and dangerous as being akin to corralling a wild beast. Herzog did not want to ‘tame’ the beast, but rather to put a frame around him, to place enough control upon him to get the desired performance and no more. Implicit in this is a recognition that part of Kinski’s appeal was his volatility, and that the intensity and impact of his performances would be in some way dampened should he be ‘tamed.’ Moral implications aside, this approach is indicative both of Herzog’s fascination with extreme experience and his desire to make work that referred to itself as much as its subject matter.

Is Herzog’s Sublime that of German Romanticism? Perhaps not entirely, but its influence upon him is clear. His films, from Nosferatu the Vampyre to Fitzcarraldo, are peppered with beautifully styled images of the natural world, images that render often ordinary landscapes ecstatic and other, and that seem to reveal the essential nature, often hidden, of these places. They are all, to use his phrase, landscapes of the soul, but landscapes themselves do not have souls. Herzogian landscapes are almost always inhabited by people. His films frequently present an ongoing communion between human beings and nature. Throughout his filmography, his characters – in both fiction and documentary films – exhibit awe at the natural world, and often a degree of hubris in believing that they can exert some kind of control or dominion over it. If Herzog, as he has often professed, believes in a chaotic and indifferent universe, and if this view is really at the heart of his films, then why has he always focused on individuals who believe that they can somehow transcend this truth and find something more? Though these people often fail, failure itself is not the point. These people are so fascinating to him, and ultimately to us, because, despite himself, Herzog also wants to believe. Below the cold, indifferent surface of the universe, Herzog’s films point toward something beyond articulation, something ineffable. His films all have an element of mysticism, and he himself is a kind of mystic. Each of his films gestures towards this understanding, a belief that at the extremes of human experience, there can be a wellspring of something that we can never truly comprehend, but that is nonetheless there. In the documentary, he speaks of truth as something that can never be fully seen or articulated, but which exists somewhere, and that can be uncovered obliquely by artists. His films all contain a triangulation, an approximation of that search. Though he purports to have a cold and rational view of the world, he is, in fact, a deeply intuitive and emotional thinker, and someone who even embraces a certain spirituality.

In the winter of 1974, Herzog’s mentor and friend, the German-French film critic Lotte Eisner, became very unwell. In order to visit her, Herzog walked from his home in Munich to the hospital in which she was staying in Paris, a journey that took him more than three weeks. Herzog believed that if he undertook the journey on foot, Eisner would survive for the duration, and if he reached her, she would recover. He believed that this would be possible “through the sheer force of [his] will.” He did indeed reach her, and she recovered to live for another seven years. Eisner later allegedly spoke to Herzog to let him know that she was “saturated with life” but that she would not die, and asked if he were able to lift “the spell” that he had cast upon her. Herzog agreed, and she died a week later. The latter element of the story comes from an anecdote Herzog himself told, so it should be taken with a grain of salt, but even so: These are not the actions of somebody who believes in a chaotic and indifferent universe.

How, then, should we view the often contradictory, always fascinating films of Werner Herzog? This is a man who often revels in being contrarian, has stated plainly that he is not a filmmaker but a poet, and who bristles at every attempt at categorization. Perhaps he is most neatly described as a humanist. His portrayals of human shortcomings, of human tenacity and of human survival ultimately all share a deep sense of compassion for other people. They are entwined with a sensitive and ongoing curiosity for the world and, more importantly, a curiosity for how people strive to make sense of something as huge and as frightening as the universe itself. Across time and space, his films draw connections between different people from wildly divergent backgrounds, all of whom share the miraculous drive of passion, of obsession: something that emerges from a wellspring deep within themselves, and that clearly flows freely from the man himself. This is a body of work – and a man – that says:

To be human is to struggle, but within that struggle resides all that makes life worth living.
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#PASSION: HOW TO HAVE BETTER SEX – IN CONVERSATION WITH SEXOLOGIST CHANTELLE OTTEN https://www.numeroberlin.de/2024/11/passion-how-to-have-better-sex-in-conversation-with-sexologist-chantelle-otten/ Tue, 05 Nov 2024 09:00:21 +0000 https://www.numeroberlin.de/?p=53546

According to a survey by dating platform Parship in 2023, only every second person is satisfied with their love life. The results of a study conducted by the Bumble dating app in the same year are even more dramatic: Only 14 percent of Germans are satisfied with their sex life. That means 86 percent – more than eight out of ten people – are not. The reality: Almost no one is satisfied with what’s going on in their beds. Have we forgotten how to have good sex? And what makes the supposedly good an actual good? In conversation with sexologist Chantelle Otten, we learn about her role as a sexologist, the most prevalent issues in bed, and five tips on a more fulfilling and passionate sex life.

Benjamin Schiffer: Chantelle, how did you become a sexologist? Tell us more about your professional journey. What inspired you?

Chantelle Otten: My path to becoming a sexologist was deeply influenced by my passion for understanding human behavior and relationships. Growing up with a Dutch background and spending time in Holland, where conversations about sex, pleasure and relationships are open and not taboo – Australia is more conservative – and going to Catholic schools greatly shaped my approach. I pursued a Bachelor in Psychological Science and a Masters in Science Medicine, specializing in Sexual Health/Psychosexual Therapy from the University of Sydney. My move to Amsterdam was really important in the journey to becoming a confident sexologist as I had a wonderful mentor, Dr. Ingrid Pinas. I was immersing myself in an environment where Sexology was more liberated. After gaining international experience, I returned to Australia and established my own clinic, driven by a desire to educate and empower individuals about sexual health in a judgment-free environment.

Who are the kind of people that consult you?
My practice welcomes a diverse range of clients from various backgrounds, ages and sexual orientations. I offer an inclusive space for all genders, orientations and identities. Whether it’s couples seeking to enhance intimacy or individuals exploring sexual identity, my clientele is broad and varied. They come to me seeking guidance and support on a wide array of sexual wellbeing topics, including relationship issues, sexual dysfunction, and identity exploration.
What are their main concerns/pain points?
Clients often come with challenges like mismatched sexual desires, difficulties with sexual function, and concerns regarding self-esteem and body image. Many grapple with understanding and expressing their sexual identity. I also deal with complex issues like sexual compulsivity, paraphilias, and challenges faced by people with disabilities or those undergoing significant life changes like menopause or dealing with the effects of surgery or illness on their sexual health.
Do you ever reject certain clients? If so, why?
While I aim to help as many people as possible, there are instances where I might redirect clients because I am not the right fit for their needs. This usually happens if their needs require a specialization different from what I offer or if I believe another professional’s approach might be more beneficial for their specific situation. Ensuring clients get the most suitable and effective help is always a priority.
How do you personally define passion for yourself?
For me, passion is about living life fully and authentically, being deeply engaged in what I love, whether it’s my professional work, personal interests, or relationships. It’s about experiencing life with enthusiasm and a sense of fulfilment. As a ‘fake it till you make it’ person, I believe in embracing confidence and owning one’s unique qualities, allowing passion to naturally emanate from this authentic self-expression.
Do we become less passionate when it comes to sex?
Sexual passion can fluctuate over time, influenced by various factors like stress, relationship dynamics, and life changes. It’s natural for the intensity to vary, but maintaining open communication and putting in conscious effort can help keep the passion alive or even rekindle it in relationships.
According to a survey by dating app Bumble, only 14% are satisfied with their sex life – that’s super sobering and reassuring at the same time. What could be the reason for the rather poor result?
The sobering statistic from Bumble’s survey might be attributed to a range of issues, including inadequate communication, unmet sexual expectations, and the general pressures of modern life impacting sexual satisfaction. It’s also a reminder that many people are aware of these challenges and are seeking ways to enhance their sexual lives, indicating a desire for improvement and greater fulfilment. But, of course, there are a lot of people who are unsure how to improve their erotic lives and feel a bit lost.
Which impact could porn potentially have on this?
Viewing porn through the lens of entertainment, not education, is crucial in understanding its role in sexual satisfaction. While it offers a form of sexual expression and can be a source of enjoyment, it’s important to distinguish the entertainment aspect of porn from realistic sexual experiences. Porn often portrays a dramatized, idealized version of sex, which might not always align with real-life sexual dynamics and expectations. Acknowledging this distinction helps in appreciating porn as a form of adult entertainment without letting it set unrealistic standards for one’s sexual life. It’s about enjoying porn for what it is, while also being mindful of its limitations in terms of representing real, consensual, and intimate human sexual experiences. Balancing this perspective can contribute positively to one’s sexual satisfaction, ensuring that individuals don’t feel pressured to mirror what they see in porn in their personal sexual lives.
Interest in non-monogamous relationships is growing – almost one in eight (14%) have recently considered a non-monogamous relationship. How would you explain this development?
The rise in interest towards non-monogamous relationships reflects a broader cultural shift towards sexual and relationship diversity. In a world where traditional relationship models are continuously being reevaluated, people are increasingly exploring alternative ways of experiencing love and intimacy.
This trend towards non-monogamy can be seen as part of a greater movement towards personal autonomy and the customization of relationship structures to better suit individual needs and preferences.
Factors contributing to this trend include a greater emphasis on personal growth, self-exploration, and the desire to experience varied emotional and sexual connections. Non-monogamous relationships challenge conventional norms and offer different perspectives on trust, communication, and the understanding of love and commitment. As society becomes more accepting of diverse sexualities and relationship structures, more individuals feel empowered to consider and potentially embrace non-monogamous arrangements.
What are your 5 tips for a more passionate sex life?

Enhancing passion in one’s sex life often involves a combination of mental, emotional and physical efforts:

  • Communication and Vulnerability: Having open and honest conversations about desires, fantasies and boundaries with your partner is crucial. This involves being vulnerable and creating a safe space for each other to express sexual needs without judgment.
  • Prioritizing Intimacy: Dedicate time and effort to cultivate intimacy. This can mean setting aside regular times for sexual encounters or engaging in activities that promote closeness and connection.
  • Personal Exploration: Understanding your own body and sexual responses is key. Encourage self-exploration and share these discoveries with your partner.
  • Embracing Novelty: Introduce new elements into your sex life, such as trying different positions, incorporating toys, or exploring new settings, to keep the excitement alive.
  • Emotional Connection: Strengthen the emotional bond with your partner. Sexuality is not just a physical act; it’s deeply intertwined with emotions. Building a strong emotional connection can enhance sexual experiences and deepen intimacy.
  • Self-Care and Stress Management: Your mental and physical health directly impact your sexual wellbeing. Engage in regular self-care practices and manage stress effectively to maintain a healthy libido and energy for sexual activities.
  • Educational Resources: Utilize resources like books, workshops and professional advice to continue learning about sexual health and wellbeing. Staying informed and curious can greatly enhance your sexual experiences.
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